Purpose: The present study aims to identify and explain the futures of Iranian provinces in the competition for the development of NBIC technological convergence (synergy between nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive sciences) with a focus on Yazd province. Method: This research, which has been conducted with a qualitative and descriptive approach, is classified as an exploratory futures-study. In this way, the relevant research records were first reviewed to compile a list of drivers in the development of convergent technologies. The list was then refined and prioritized to identify two key drivers, with the Delphi process attended by fourteen experts. By intersecting the uncertainties of these two drivers, four scenarios of the province's future in technological convergence competition emerged. Findings: The two key drivers affecting the success of the province in the competition for convergent technologies are: the rate of development of the innovation ecosystem and the amount of financial resources allocated to this process. Based on this, four scenarios of the future situation of the province in this field were identified, which have been named as "Vanguard", "Buyer", "Remnant" and "Hired". Conclusion: In order for the provinces to be able to succeed in the forthcoming competitions in the production and operation of convergent technologies, it is necessary to plan for strengthening the ecosystem infrastructure from now; at the same time, it is necessary to make efficient efforts to provide sufficient financial resources for the research and commercialization of these technologies.

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر بررسی ارتباط توان رقابتی صاحبکار و انتخاب حسابرس بر پایه نظریه رقابت است. تعداد شرکت های نمونه تحقیق بالغ بر 120 شرکت و دوره زمانی تحقیق یک دوره 6 ساله از سال 1393 الی 1398 می باشد. آزمون فرضیه ها بر اساس روش همبستگی و با استفاده از رگرسیون لاجستیک باینری انجام شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد توان رقابتی صاحبکار تاثیر معنی دار و مثبت بر انتخاب موسسات حسابرسی بخش خصوصی دارد. هم چنین نتایج بیانگر آن است که نسبت بدهی و حق الزحمه حسابرس ، تاثیر منفی و معنی دار در انتخاب موسسات حسابرسی بخش خصوصی دارد. شواهد نشان می دهد هرگاه ، تعداد بندهای حسابرسی در گزارش سال قبل، افزایش یابد در آن صورت احتمال انتخاب موسسات حسابرسی بخش خصوصی نیز تقویت می گردد. در تحقیق حاضر اندازه شرکت ، نسبت سودآوری و درصد سهام متعلق به سهام دار عمده تاثیر معنی داری بر انتخاب موسسات حسابرسی بخش خصوصی ندارند.

In order to study light competition in mixed canopy of wheat and weeds, two experiments were conducted in Ferdowsi University of Mashad, Iran during 2000-2001 cropping season (field study), and Guelph University, Ontario, Canada (2002), (growth cabinet study). The treatments of the field study included three levels of Cruciferous weeds (wild mustard, turnip weed and flix weed) and five levels of weed density (0,4, 8, 16 and 32 plants/m2 for wild musturd and turnip weed, and 0, 16, 32, 64 and 128 plants/m2 for flix weed). Randomized complete block design with four replications in an additive series technique with fixed no. of 450 wheat per square meter was employed as the experiment design. In growth cabinet study, is used a model system of annuals to examine how canopies of species having differing morphologies differed in light-interception. Wheat, wild mustard and flix weed were grown as "targets", surrounded by neighbours of a single species. Neighbours could be anyone of the target species. Plants were grown in pots, with one target plant and three neighbors plants. Results of experiment indicated that wild mustard and turnip weed (in comparison to flix weed) had more effect on PPFD and R: FR. In addition, with increase in leaf area of mixed canopy, the quality and quantity of light changed.      

Globalization of trade has aroused some controversial issues which should be considered in legal studies. This paper provides an overview of "international competition law", as an intensive discussion which international trade encounters with. The spread of competition law around the world has been remarkable. But to initiate international competition law as a comprehensive system, is unworkable. It can be safe to say that the main reason is the variety of approaches about the competition law. The importance of competition law in international trade relations is undeniable, but it is an insufficiently studied field. The paper, after introducing characteristics, clusters the arenas and the sources of international competition law. Findings confirm the necessity of harmonization and the importance of international cooperation by soft law. Given the difficulties of international collaboration, this is a considerable achievement. The prevalence of soft law asserts that there is no doubt that states are no longer the only or most important actors in global law.