A FIELD STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF HERBICIDES FOR WEED control IN SAFFRON (CROCUS SATIVUS) IN AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTER OF KHORASAN RAZAVI PROVINCE, MASHHAD, DURING 2014-2015 GROWING SEASON. …

THE PROBLEMS PRODUCED BY MUCH USING OF HERBICIDES CAUSES THAT RESEARCHERS SEEK NO chemical METHODS FOR WEEDS control. THIS EXPERIMENT CONDUCED IN 2008 TO STUDY THE EFFECTS OF NITROGEN AND MANURE ON YIELD AND WEED control IN WHEAT, AT AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SITE IN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, UNIVERSITY OF MOHAGHEGH ARDABILI. THE EXPERIMENT WAS LAID OUT AS FACTORIAL IN RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN. WITH THREE REPLICATION. THE TREATMENTS CONSISTED OF THREE NITROGEN LEVELS: [0 (control), 150, 300 KGNHA-1] AND TWO MANURE LEVELS [APPLICATION 30 THA-1AND NO APPLICATION]. DATA SHOWN THAT MANURE APPLICATION HAD NO A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON WEED DENSITY, WEED DRY MASS AND WHEAT YIELD. ANALYSIS SHOWN THAT DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS HAD A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON WEED DENSITY AND WEED DRY MASS. THREE HUNDRED KGNHA-1 APPLICATIONS DECREASED WEED DENSITY AND INCREASED THEIR DRY MASS. THREE HUNDRED KG NHA-1 APPLICATIONS IN COMPARISON control DECREASED WEED DENSITY 17.6%, THAT THIS DIFFER WAS SIGNIFICANT, BUT 150 KG NHA-1 APPLICATION IN COMPARISON 300 KG NHA-1 INCREASED WEED DENSITY. ANALYSIS INDICATE THAT WHEN THERE ARE NO COMPETITION BETWEEN WEEDS AND WHEAT, NITROGEN APPLICATION INCREASED WHEAT YIELD, BUT WHEN WEED COMPETE WITH WHEAT, NITROGEN HAD NO SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON WHEAT YIELD. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT WITH NITROGEN APPLICATION MANAGEMENT CAN control WEEDS IN WHEAT WITHOUT USE HERBICIDES.

IN ORDER TO chemical control OF WEEDS IN INDIGOFERA .TINCTORIA, STUDY WAS CONDUCTED IN THE COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN WITH THREE REPLICATION IN AGRICULTURE RESEARCH CENTER OF JIROFT AND KAHNOJ IN 2005. TREATMENT WERE IMAZTHAPYR AT 0.5 L/HA AND 1 L/HA, BENTAZON AT 1.5 L/HA AND 2 L/HA, IMAZTHAPYR AT 0.75 L/HA + CYCLOXYDIUM AT 2 L/HA, IMAZTHAPYR AT 1.75 L/HA + CYCLOXYDIUM AT 2 L/HA, AND WEEDY CHECK. DOMINANT WEEDS OF EXPERIMENTAL WERE AMARANTHUS BLITOIDES, A. RETROFLEXUS, BRASSICA TOURENFORTII, CONVOLVULUS ARVENSIS, CYPRUS ESCULENTUS, CYNODON DACTYLON, DACTYLOCTENIUM AEGYPTICA, DIGERA MURICATA, ECHINOCHLOA COLONUM, HELIOTROPIUM LASIOCARPUM, MALVA PARVIFLORA, PHYSALIS LANCEIFOLIA, PORTULACA OLERACEA, TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS, CORCHORUS OLITARIUS. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT ALL HERBICIDES CAUSED SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN WEED DENSITY AND WEED DRY WEIGHT. THE IMAXTHAPYR AT 1.75 L/HA + CYCLOXYDIUM AT 2 L/HA PROVIDED THE BEST WEED control, AND NO SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE ON I.TINECTORIA.

IN ORDER TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF HERBICIDES USAGE ON DICHONDRA (DCHONDRA MICRANTHAS) ON TURF MIXTURE, AN EXPERIMENT WAS CONDUCTED DURING 2006 IN TEHRAN, USING RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN WITH 4 REPLICATIONS. TREATMENTS WERE WERE 2, 4-D+MCPA AT 1.5 AND 2 L/HA, DICHLRPROP-P PLUS MECOPROP-P PLUS MCPA AT 2 AND 2.5 L/HA, BROMOXYNIL PLUS MCPA AT 1.5 AND 2 L/HA, DICLOFOP METHYL AT 2.5 AND 3 L/HA, FENOXAPROP-P-ETHYL AT 0.8 AND 1 L/HA, CLODINAFOP PROPARGYL AT 0.6 AND 0.8 L/HA, TRALKOXYDIM AT 1 AND 1.2 L/HA, SULFOSULFURON AT 27 AND 35 G/HA AND UNTREATED control. ALL TREATMENTS WERE REPEATED 3 TIMES DURING THE GROWTH PERIOD OF DICHONDRA. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT, DICHONDRA controlLED BY 2, 4- D+MCPA, DICHLRPROP-P PLUS MECOPROP-P PLUS MCPA, BROMOXYNIL PLUS MCPA MORE THAN 90 PERCENT FOR ONE APPLICATION OF MENTIONED HERBICIDES. SULFOSULFURON IS EFFECTIVE HERBICIDE FOR DICHONDRA control FOR ONE MORE APPLICATION. IT DID NOT control DICHONDRA TO ONE APPLICATION. TURF MIXTURE DID NOT DAMAGE BY 2, 4-D+MCPA, DICHLRPROP-P PLUS MECOPROP-P PLUS MCPA, BROMOXYNIL PLUS MCPA, FENOXAPROP-P-ETHYL, TRALKOXYDIM AND SULFOSULFURON. ON THE OTHER HAND, TURF MIXTURE IS SUSCEPTIBLE TO DICLOFOP METHYL AND CLODINAFOP PROPARGYL AND IT DAMAGED BY THEM.