Scientific advances in the laboratory testing have provided the most effective means for archaeologists to examine their artifactual data in a science-based framework. In this research project we have been able to examine 30 ceramic samples from two archaeological sites with the homogeneous ceramic horizon.North-central Iran, approximately the area lying between Kashan, Qazvin and Tehran is, characterized by uninterrupted plains watered by streams from the neighboring mountain ranges. As there are no major geographic barriers, in many periods ceramic assemblages were identical throughout the area. Finely made painted ware characterizes the upper part of Cheshmeh Ali IA and has been found at Qara Tepe and Esmailabad Tepe west of Tehran in the upper levels at Zagheh at Saveh and in Sialk II. It occurs in a variety of shapes including cup bowls, spouted bowls, hemispherical and closed bowls, shallow and deep bowls on pedestal feet, basket-handled pot and concave-sided cups. Cheshmeh Ali ceramic horizon is hand-made of fine grained fabric and covered with a burnished orange-to-red slip and painted in black on red. A wide variety of designs include lozenges hatched triangles, festoons, chevrons braided patterns and stylized animals and fish. It is especially well known from the excavations carried out at Tepe Esmailabad. The material from this site seems more elaborate than that of Zagheh. In spite of the facts that all the examined samples belong to the same ceramic horizon in the area XRF and XRD, laboratory testing has indicated certain technological differences between two groups of samples.

Paraquat (PQ) is a herbicide with potent toxicity. The most frequent human poisoning occurs by ingestion and inhalation. Its clinical feature includes pulmonary edema in the first 48 hours post-toxicity with progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome. A 50-year-old male poisoned patient referred to the emergency department with the complaint of shortness of breath. His companions had an herbicide poison bottle. Respiratory failure gradually intensified. The patient was intubated and under mechanical ventilation for one month. kidney and liver insufficiency were gradually added to the patient’ s clinical feature in the following days. He died with multiorgan failures one month later. Standard chest X-ray is not beneficial for assessing PQ intoxication. High resolution computed tomography scan is recommended at day 7 post-ingestion for evaluating PQ poisoning.

Background: Low bone mass may increase risk of fracture. Several chronic medical conditions, medications, and life style factors affect bone mineral accrual. This study aims to evaluate the bone mineral densities and hip axis lengths in the local population. Materials and Methods: 336 normal Bangladeshi women age ranges 20 to 70 years had evaluation of their bone mineral densities (BMDs) by means of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results: The trend of BMD at the left femoral neck and the lumber spine remains fairly constant with increasing age until the 45-49 years age range, beyond which there is a consistent decline. The mean hip axis length is 10.27 cm. Conclusion: Bone mineral densities in femoral neck and lumber spine as measured by DXA and the hip axis length of the local population is lower than corresponding figures reported in the western population.

The output X-ray spectrum characteristics is one of the required data used in radiotherapy planning dosimeter system of medical linear accelerators (linac).The purpose of this research was to propose a method for calculating the bremsstuhlung spectrum and the X-ray yield off the target of the medical accelerators.For this purpose, three different materials of Br, AI, and Pb, as the linac target materials, were exposed to a 15 MeV electron beam and their output bremsstuhlung spectrum at three different angles of 10, 30, and 60 degrees from the central axis of incident electron beam were calculated using the MCNP4B Monte Carlo code. The Thickness of the targets was assumed equal to 110% of the range of the incident electrons.The calculated Bremsstuhlung spectra were in a very good agreement with the relevant measured spectra for all the studied target materials at all the investigated angles, except for the Pb at an energy range below 300 keY for which a significant disagreement was observed. At the second part of this research for every target material the total output production and the output X-ray yields were estimated at the base of a pyramid resulted-from a 120 degree solid head angle using the Monte Carlo simulation method with the MCNP4B code.Using a suitable number of track histories the Monte Carlo statistical calculation error for the calculation of the output production yield was reduced to 1%.

Background and Aim: Necrotizing pneumonia is an uncommon disorder with a high mortality rate. Different factors are involved in the incidence of this disease. Case: A 73 years old man was admitted to the hospital with a chief complaint of dyspnea and productive cough. Chest X-ray showed a consolidation in the lower lobe of the left lung and a CT-scan revealed a cavity in the lingula. Bronchoscopy was performed and examination of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was positive for acid-fast bacilli. Anti-tuberculosis drugs were started for the patient. Conclusion: Our case demonstrates a rare manifestation of tuberculosis associated with lung necrosis and cavitation, which emphasizes the necessity of examination and work-ups for mycobacterium TB in patients with drug resistant chronic pulmonary disease.

Background: Two calcified objects recovered from an adolescent in a burial site in Amiens, France, have been previously identified as hydatid cysts using thin-section petrography. The importance of ancient hydatidosis besides the value of these unique archeological excavated materials encouraged the authors to look at this attractive subject more interdisciplinary by implementing medical radiology. Methods: In the current experiment, which has been carried out in the Radiology Department, Tehran Heart Center (THC), Tehran, Iran, the conventional and dual-energy dual-source Tomography, X-ray Computed-scan was used in studying the remaining structures of the two calcified masses. The imaging procedure was carried out based on X-ray attenuation by two different tube voltages. Results: A high concentration of calcium sediment in the cyst walls was revealed in Hounsfield units, the measuring of the elements in CT. Taking advantage of implementing this imaging technique the oxalate calcium was also shown as the dominant component of the samples. The results were all in favor of diagnosing hydatid cysts. Conclusion: The achieved pictorial results in the present paper have highlighted the important role of CT scan as a noninvasive confirming technique in paleopathological investigations. Using Dual-source dual-energy CT-scan in reconfirming these previously identified hydatid cysts, is an encouraging message towards the necessity of sequential studies on invaluable biological excavated pieces.

A template condensation of 2, 6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde with nicotinic hydrazide at 20oC yielded a tridendate ligand with the formation of azomethine bond. The structure of the ligand, H3L2 was confirmed with the use of analytical and spectroscopic analysis such as CHN analysis, ESI mass spectrum, FTIR, UV–visible spectrum and NMR techniques. The use of 2D NMR further confirmed the structure of the ligand. Also, five ligand-metal complexes were synthesized using different techniques. The physico-chemical properties of the complexes were determined with the use of melting point determination, conductivity test, micro-analysis, metal content determination (AAS), magnetic susceptibility measurements, FTIR, UV-visible spectra, ESR, TG/DTG and p-Xray diffraction study. The structures of the metal complexes were elucidated based on the analytical and spectroscopic data obtained. However, the anti-tubercular activities of the compounds were evaluated against H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in vitro. The results obtained indicated that the metal complexes are more active than isoniazid with MIC = 0.91 mg/mL. V (II) complex was found to be the most active with MIC of 0.62 mg/mL while Cu (II) complex with MIC values of 0.85 µg/mL is the least potent among the metal complexes synthesized. However, the results of the cytotoxicity against vero cells indicated that the metal complexes are more toxic when compared to the standard drug.

Background and Objectives: medical image Segmentation is a challenging task due to low contrast between Region of Interest and other textures, hair artifacts in dermoscopic medical images, illumination variations in images like Chest-Xray and various imaging acquisition conditions. Methods: In this paper, we have utilized a novel method based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for medical image Segmentation and finally, compared our results with two famous architectures, include U-net and FCN neural networks. For loss functions, we have utilized both Jaccard distance and Binary-crossentropy and the optimization algorithm that has used in this method is SGD+Nestrov algorithm. In this method, we have used two preprocessing include resizing image’ s dimensions for increasing the speed of our process and Image augmentation for improving the results of our network. Finally, we have implemented threshold technique as postprocessing on the outputs of neural network to improve the contrast of images. We have implemented our model on the famous publicly, PH2 Database, toward Melanoma lesion segmentation and chest Xray images because as we have mentioned, these two types of medical images contain hair artifacts and illumination variations and we are going to show the robustness of our method for segmenting these images and compare it with the other methods. Results: Experimental results showed that this method could outperformed two other famous architectures, include Unet and FCN convolutional neural networks. Additionally, we could improve the performance metrics that have used in dermoscopic and Chest-Xray segmentation which used before. Conclusion: In this work, we have proposed an encoder-decoder framework based on deep convolutional neural networks for medical image segmentation on dermoscopic and Chest-Xray medical images. Two techniques of image augmentation, image rotation and horizontal flipping on the training dataset are performed before feeding it to the network for training. The predictions produced from the model on test images were postprocessed using the threshold technique to remove the blurry boundaries around the predicted lesions.

Laser produced plasma can be used as the sources of soft X-ray laser. The ability to control the laser quality and its gain coefficient by controlling laser and plasma’ s parameters is one of the advantages of this method. In this study, a pump pulse assistant along with a pre-pulse is irradiated on a geranium target as the plasma active medium, thenthe gain of soft X-ray laser at wavelength 19. 6 nm is calculated. In order to analyze the effect of laser parameters such as intensity, pulse length, and time delay between two pulses, MED103 hydrodynamic code has been used. The simulation results show that there is optimal pulse duration for the pre-pulse as well as the main pump pulse to achieve the maximum gain of soft Xray laser. In addition, according to the results, by increasing the pre-pulse intensity the amount of soft Xray laser gain initially increases and then decreases, while by enhancing the main pulse intensity, it keeps increasing. Also, the optimal spatiotemporal regions of the soft X-ray laser gain for different time delays of two pulses are given.