In Iranian Art mystical Concepts and Symbolic signs have always been affective methods in conveying thoughts, religious and ceremonial insights. For this reason, symbolic concepts and mystical Literary and artistic works have been assigned a major part of Iranian art. Probably no other symbol was known more than the WINGED CIRCLE in different tribe's culture and this is why today in the modern world we can still see this sign in different companies and organization logos and trademarks. For this purpose we study the falcon sign which was the sun's symbol in all ancient civilizations and has a deep relation with this sign, then will consider the meaning and symbols of the WINGED CIRCLE on those civilizations. We hope that this research will be useful to all who wish to know more about this mystical sign.

Encoded concepts and symbolic signs have always been used in art to express religious and ritual beliefs. All throughout the history, human societies have highly regarded various animals. Such outlook has ever been exhibited in the art of world cultures; however, none of these animals have enjoyed such significant status as lion. Since the Paleolithic period, various cultures have used lion's motif both in cave carvings and paintings. Looking at the history of art, we find that lion was one of the animals that held symbolic meaning for the peoples of the ancient cultures and civilizations, and they have used this motif, in combination with other symbolic elements such as wings, to convey other concepts. Although lion is one of the animals that threaten human lives, it has ever been portrayed in a positive role and as a powerful and exceptional animal. Lion is one of the most ancient symbols in Persian art and one of the motifs used most commonly on seals, containers, weapons, reliefs and sculptures. Symbolic meanings of this animal include: summer, monarchy, divine power and strength, protector, controller of spirits and devils, constellation and fertility. Persian art contains different illustrations of this motif and such representation is always associated with the magical concept of this animal in protection against evil elements. The human belief in constellation and its impression on life has significantly affected the development of this symbol. The WINGED lion is one of the most fascinating and common themes of ancient Persian art and has appeared on various artifacts such as reliefs, mud seals and metal objects. In the course of Sino-Iranian relations of the 2nd millennium BC, the native Iranian animal of lion was offered to the Han Dynasty in China, and with the arrival of this mythical beast, its accompanying symbols also made their way to China. In the process of transfer of symbols between nations, the meanings and concepts associated with each symbol are not necessarily transferred or accepted. In the new home, many of the symbols are merged with the old beliefs of the inhabitants and thus take new functions and meanings. Yet, during the transfer process, some symbols not only take their forms with them but also their accompanying ideas. The paper at hand first elaborates upon different types of WINGED lions portrayed on artifacts and architecture of ancient Persian civilizations to be followed by a study of this motif in ancient Chinese art. Moreover, the study aims to: 1-Recognize the ancient artifacts and artworks holding WINGED lions' motif which belong to ancient Persian art and art of the Chinese Han Dynasty and 2-Identify the similarities and differences of this symbol between the two cultures. Besides, the paper seeks to address these questions: 1-Where is the origin of the WINGED lion symbol? 2-Has Iran's WINGED lion motif affected the appearance of its Chinese counterpart? In what areas can this impression be studied? What are their similarities and differences? In order to answer these questions, the study endeavors to cover wing and lion motifs in terms of their mythical concept and application in both the civilizations through the study of the remaining objects. it seems that the first representations of the WINGED lion, as the guardian of the temples and tombs, were formed in ancient Elam civilization of Iran and have then become popular in China. Taking historical and descriptive-analytical approach and using library resources including documents, texts and images as well as numerous examples of WINGED lion in the art of ancient Persia and China, the article tries to make a fresh analysis of the subject matter and present examples of the impact of Persian art on Chinese motifs. The objects to be studied range from the artifacts of the ancient Persian to the Parthian period and the ancient China to the rule of the Han dynasty. The statistical population of this research includes the artworks in the Louvre Museum, National Museum of Iran, Metropolitan Museum of New York and the United Kingdom's Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Zurich Museum Rietberg, the Atkins Museum of Kansas City, The Museum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities in Stockholm, the Cleveland Museum of Art in Ohio, Guimet Museum in Paris, the Hermitage Museum, Oriental Institute Museum in Chicago, Taipei's National Palace Museum, the Iraqi Museum of Baghdad and the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. A total of 21 Iranian and 18 Chinese pieces have been chosen for this study.

One of the most important devices in poem is the repeatation of vowels and consonants is named alliteration. Important is that alliteration has two functions, sound function and meaning function. In this article an attempt has been made to present a modle for analyzation of alliteration.

In order to reduce evaporation from the soil surface and to increase the water use efficiency (WUE) in maize, a research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design with three replications at the experimental field of Faculty of Water Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2016-2017. The experiments were carried out using three levels of irrigation (application 100, 80 & 60 percent of the crop water requirement) and two types of tubes (with a plastic mulch cover having the width of 40 cm [WINGED tape] and without cover [tape without wing]). Significant interactions were observed between irrigation and moisture levels in some parameters such as number of leaves, stem fresh and dry weight and 100-seed weight, although no significant interaction was observed among the other parameters. The maximum grain yield was obtained in treatment with 80% water requirement with average weight of 13650 kg ha-1, however, it had no meaningful difference with 100% water requirement treatment. The maximum water use efficiency was observed in treatment of 60% water requirement, with 2. 81 kg/m3. Between irrigation methods, the WINGED method increased 13% both of the grain yield and water use efficiency compared to those with the non-WINGED method of irrigation in this study, which can be attributed to the reduced evaporation from the soil surface.

The English literature component has been around in the Malaysian Education system since 2000. However, literature as a subject has always been learned more for transactional purposes rather than for its aesthetic value. Basically, a regurgitation of knowledge from years of learning, poured out in one major examination. In this research, the researcher applies a teaching method, called the literature CIRCLE in a classroom to study how it could be an effective way to learning literature beyond the classroom and for completing exam papers. Accompanying the literature CIRCLE activity is the writing of personal responses to gauge the students’ understanding and views on the literature component being studied. This paper discusses the findings of the study that investigates the effect of literature CIRCLE in the students’ personal responses and also to examine the students’ perception towards literature CIRCLE. The findings of this study, obtained via qualitative and quantitative instruments, comprising of observations, interviews, personal responses, and questionnaires, provide insights for educators and other researchers into another dimension of the teaching and learning of literature component.

The problem of the hermeneutical CIRCLE is one of the contentious issues in philosophical hermeneutics. This paper, begins with focusing on the question as to whether what hermeneuts mean by a hermeneutical CIRCLE is in fact a real CIRCLE with no analogical sense involved. Recognizing that this problem is not confined to the relation between part and whole, this study confines itself to explore the problem of the hermeneutical CIRCLE with regard to the circularity between part and whole in a sentence. I will argue that, as far as the interdependence between part and whole of a sentence is concerned, there is no real circularity between them. This will be followed by scrutinizing the source of such a misunderstanding, i.e., the circular interdependence between understanding the part and the whole of a sentence. I will present my analysis through a critical reading of two contemporary hermeneuts, Eric Donald Hirsch and Graeme Nicholson, even though both are on the right track in questioning the existence of such a CIRCLE in the first place. The argument presented could apply to contexts well beyond that of the circularity between part and whole in a sentence.

In this paper, a PI guidance law is proposed to nullify the LOS rate. Stability of the guidance dynamics including autopilot and seeker dynamics is analyzed by employing CIRCLE criterion. Stability conditions give an analytical bound for the time of the flight up to which stability can be assured. The stability bound of the new guidance law is less conservatism than PN guidance law. Also, this approach can be used as a tool for Guidance, Autopilot and seeker parameters design. Simulation results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed guidance law against maneuvering target as compared to PN.