WILL to POWER is an important concept in Nietzsche’s thought. His approach in relation to concepts such as strength of WILL, freedom, influence and responsibility is placed. WILL to POWERin the sense of human life and his works are based on logic and reason Jmlgy men are servants of the stretch. This stretch whenever the POWER fails, the collapse of civilization and the decline of life appear. The desire for POWER is the most important concept in Nietzsche’s thought centered "life" is considered in a manner that makes the realm of imagination and action. Truth, values, knowledge systems and knowledge as a manifestation of this request. This article aims to examine the ontological and epistemological foundations for better understanding of Nietzsche's thought, the idea of "the WILL to POWER" is. Nietzsche's critique of philosophy, ethics, Christian, Scientologist and modern humans, and it ended philosophy into a new way of holism and Antzaygry abandoned and the path that leads to it being philosophy - called aesthetic. The results of his philosophical outlook, collapsing in a hierarchical system of science, society and the formation of attitudes in which the fundamental role of culture in the present. Nietzsche 's thought on POWER rather than military means (POWER Weberian sense), the basis of "culture" and the emphasis is on the same cultural foundations of POWER politics is an important new approach.

From the beginning of eighteenth century punitive moral in the West has experienced two different periods: first torture and then economics of chastisement. In each of these periods punishment has special nature and function. In the first stage punishment was similar to the terrible tragedy of violence and mutilation. In contrast in the second stage punitive reactions completely changed and violence was replaced by reform and rehabilitation of criminals. About transition from the tragedy of torture to the comedy of reform a legal and criminological analysis has always been present. Based on these analysis transition from violence to reform is considered as Humanization of criminal law. But reforming criminal policy not only failed to reform criminals, but also failed to protect human dignity of offenders. Then we can claim that continuing of reform policy was not because of its reforming character. In contrast there is some hidden functions and reasons that cause continuing of reform policy.

The debate of WILL and volition has always been an important part of the intellectual and philosophical discourse as a whole. The current essay has studied this issue from the points of view of Ghazali and Spinoza in a comparative context. Spinoza has conceived WILL to be a type of notion while Ghazali considers it a mental quality that deals with preferring one side to the other. It seems that the reason for the disagreement of these two scholars in definition of WILL lies in the fact that Ghazali believes that WILL is one aspect of heart and soul whereas Spinoza includes it among the capabilities of mind. First he regarded WILL as a type of judgment but later due to the fact that judgment is the necessary result of notion he was compelled to consider it a kind of notion. Furthermore, according to Spinoza, an action is volition when it becomes realized out of its nature in the sense that no other internal or external stimulus forces the agent to undertake the action at issue; while Ghazali contends that the criterion for an action’s volitionality (the state of being volitional) is it’s being grounded in WILL.....

The purpose of this study is structured and validated questionnaire WILLPOWER- based Iranian - Islamic culture that description of the research method of content analysis and factor analysis has been prepared. Content and construct validity of this questionnaire has been approved by a group of teachers of Islamic sciences and psychology. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire by 400 students of Tehran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and is supported by PNU students with random sampling, cluster sampling was selected. Structured questionnaire, factor analysis, principal component method and rotated Varyrnks examined the results suggest get six motivational factors, worship, cognitive, cognitive, emotional and behavioral reserved. KMO index and the Bartlett also check the validity of the scale and the KMO index 0.910 and significant coefficient (Sig) is equal to 0.000, indicating the suitability of factor analysis to identify the structure of the factor model is valid. Cronbach’s alpha scale reliability of the questionnaire was obtained, indicating the reliability of this questionnaire is 0.933. Therefore, a questionnaire with 37 questions WILL evaluate the results of the factor structure was appropriate and qualified for psychological research and clinical diagnostic activities is.

WILL is the basis and foundation of contracts and possessions; almost without which no contract and possession can take the religious and legal affects. Heart is the place of WILL, and because WILL has a high dignity, it cannot attributed to any matter unless it is declared and manifested. Silence is one of the means of Interpretation of the WILL. It, like utterance, scribe, deed and gesture, has some rules. jurists consider that silence cannot be considered as the WILL but if there are any letter of religious and legal, customs and relevant evidence, with certain conditions, the silence is interpreted as the WILL. Silence may be explicit or implicit. There are some criteria such as the existence of the letter, modesty, losses voidance, custom and analogy for detection and differentiation of silence, which WILL be interpreted as the WILL or not, and each one is considered as the WILL according to specific rule.

Nietzsche, as one of the most popular philosophers and elite thinkers that formed modern thought, has been studied from many dimensions. There are many books about him, and many scholars are still doing research on his life, works and thoughts. The plurality of the works and the differences in the representation of Nietzsche's image has led to doubt and confusion in the determination of Nietzsche's position and understanding of his thought. The present study aims at introducing and evaluating a major, recent and important work in Nietzsche field, called “ The Oxford Handbook of Nietzsche” . This scientific and standard work has thirty-two essays from world renowned scholars. Essays have been organized in six discrete sections such as biography, historical relations, principal works and fundamental issues such as values, epistemology and metaphysics, and developments of WILL to POWER. These essays contain striking and precise points that can influence on our understanding of Nietzsche's philosophy and provide us with a broad knowledge of the main elements of his philosophy, such as superman, WILL to POWER and eternal recurrence. Therefore this paper, after an overview of the book and description of its general features, summarizes the content of each essay to arouse the audience’ s interest for pursuing of a thorough study.

Nietzsche assumed instinct (nature) as the only human real stimulant. He believes that distance vigor causes WILL to POWER. The existence of hierarchy emerges vigor for making distance from equality and same-levelness. Human being for its language factor sees a subject in any objects; and supposes that there is a WILLing in any affairs. While the world has changeable procedure and by denying the free determination should return back the innocence to the universe in order that the human being transfer to the child and recreate. The basic of the society should be like a scaffold that can lift the superhuman to the high. This philosophy that draws the macro-panorama of the human being life and it is an introduction for the future, can’t fit in the shape of a system. In the present article it is aimed to learn about the origin and the sources of Nietzsche' s thought on the hierarchy classification of Values. It has been tried, in five sections, to show that the origin and sources of his thought on the man and the hierarchy of values lies in his deep conviction of the WILL to POWER and passion.

In philosophies of education based on religious knowledge, the two basic concepts of God and sin as two motivating and deterrent elements have the highest educational function in these systems. Although, according to Nietzsche, God and every other concept related to him is the product of the pathological thoughts of humble human beings and for the purpose of intoxicating and fooling mankind, he rejected the values ​, ​, before him and established the values ​, ​, on the basis of which The WILL to POWER is its stronghold. Nietzsche's superhuman is not as a product but as a culture, the head and stem of education, nor is it based on taming but on principles such as self-sacrifice, discipline and command. In Nietzsche's proposed culture, God is the source of POWER and abundance, and closeness to him is my weak negation and finding myself in the superior semen. In the leading research, first by conceptual analysis, the meaning of sin and God has been studied first in Christian thought and then in Nietzsche's intellectual system. The ultimate goal of creating new values, the principle of transforming the survival-oriented WILL into the POWER-oriented WILL, as well as the practical recommendations of internal command and attention to all aspects of life, were extracted.

Modem age due to its epistemological virtue has a special important, since it defined a new relation between human and truth, in which some modem philosophers, like Descartes, Kant and Nietzsche have more roles. In this thought, human could take place as the center and criterion of understanding and interpretation of truth. In fact, human’s subjectivism has been of more important role in understanding the whole system of being. Descartes with his Cogito, mathematical method, rationalism and clear and distinctive conceptions, Kant with his a priori categories, Copernicus revolution; being axial of human reason in morality and religion, Nietzsche with his thought of WILL to POWER, nihilism and revaluation, and. Sartre with putting human in place of God, had a big role in taking place of human as center of truth and gradual evolution of subjectivism. The conclusion was and is consisted of neglecting and misunderstanding of metaphysical facts, religion and morality, and also of to restricted human to manage his/her mundane life.

Derek Parfit argues the central normative belief that “ all suffering is bad in itself” is held by all of us and known by intuition. Furthermore, given the intuitive statue of this normative belief, he argues that in ideal conditions everyone, including ordinary people, thinkers and philosophers would agree on it. He, then, must show that Nietzsche, famous for his claims about the goodness of suffering, doesn’ t fundamentally disagree with this belief. Parfit’ s take on the issue is so simplistic, in my view, showing that Nietzsche’ s relevant serious remarks can be reduced to an instrumentalist view on suffering. After considering Parfit’ s paraphrases and interpretations of his arbitrary selection of Nietzsche’ s remarks, I WILL show that Nietzsche’ s real view about suffering should be understood under a psychological interpretation of the WILL to POWER as a second order drive or desire for overcoming resistance. Suffering itself is not anything except a resistance or an obstacle against our first order desires to be overcome by our active WILL to POWER, as an important constituent of it. And then the normative belief that “ at least some suffering is good” finds its significance in Nietzsche’ s philosophy, strongly contradicting Parfit’ s position about the intuitive statue of the belief.