A study was conducted to determine genetic control, GCA and SCA for yield and yield components in WHITE BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Five parents and 10 F1 hybrids were evaluated by diallel analysis using Griffing model 2 of method 2. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications conducted in normal and water stress conditions in the Khompin National BEAN Research Station in 2005. The results of analysis of variance under two conditions showed significant differences among all genotypes for most of the traits. GCA and SCA in the normal condition were significant for pods/plant, seeds/plant and seed yield. GCA for seed/pod was also significant. Therefore, additive and non additive effects were important in controlling these traits. In the water stress condition, GCA and SCA were significant for pods/plant and seed yield. The highest positive value of GCA in normal condition for yield and yield components was related to parent genotype KS 41107 and in water stress condition to the other parent cultivar Dehghan. Therefore, these parents could be used in breeding programs. Estimating of genetic parameters by Hayman method showed that dominance effect was more important than the additive effects for pods/plant, seed/plant and seed yield in the normal condition. Average degree of dominance for all traits was more than 1 except for 100 seed weight. Therefore, for these traits over dominance effect was identified.

In order to study the effects of water stress on different traits of common BEAN, thirty WHITE lines BEAN were studied based on randomized complete block design under two water stress and non stress conditions, Analysis of variance for most traits showed significant differences among genotypes, Most traits were affected by the stress, Stepwise regression analysis showed that in WHITE genotypes under water stress conditions, pod weight, harvest index, 100 seed weight and number of seed per plant and under non stress conditions pod weight, harvest index and biological yield have the highest effect on seed yield, Factor analysis was performed for WHITE genotypes both in water stress and non stress conditions and in all conditions three common factor have been extracted, which describe most of traits variations, In order to identify tolerant genotypes, drought resistance attributes were calculated, Mean productivity (MP), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) and Stress Tolerance Index (STI) were identified as the best drought resistance indexes, Also by using biplot display for red genotypes separately, WHITE genotypes number 21 and 30 were selected as resistant lines.

Knowledge of genetic diversity and relationships between genotypes is mainly important for selection of parental genotypes. Moreover, assessing diversity across and within crop varieties is important to improve the description of collections in gene banks and in on-farm conservation practices. In order to evaluation and study of genetic diversity in the BEAN in normal condition, forty-five BEAN genotypes (15 genotypes of each WHITE, red and chiti BEANs) were planted in a randomized group balanced block design with three replications under the non-stress condition and Twenty-four traits were recorded. The results showed that traits such as R7 (the number of days to stage podding), Bush type, 100 seed weight, bush height, height of internodes and steam diameter in WHITE, red and chiti BEAN were significantly different (p<0. 01). Furthermore, in the number of days to appearance of first three leaves let, pod/plant, seed/pod and seed/plant there were significant differences (p<0. 05). According to simple correlation analysis of traits, the yield had a positive and significant correlation (p<0. 01) with the length of the highest pod (r= 0. 93). Moreover, in p<0. 05 the correlations between steam diameter (r= 0. 89), height of internodes (r= 0. 85) and height of plant (r= 0. 80) were significantly differences. Yield evaluation, that was carried out by stepwise regression analysis on the basis of yield traits, showed the number of pods/plant, seeds/pod, leaves/plant, and Length of the highest pod were the most important traits for population evaluation regarding yield. Also, the result of factor analysis showed that based on eigenvalues greater than one, seven factors was selected that these factors explained 80. 66% of the total variation. Genotype number KS-41113, KS-41114, KS-31140, KS-31122, KS-41109, KS-31114, KS-41112, KS-41101, KS-41106 and KS-31104 were selected as the better choice.

Introduction Common BEAN is the most important food legume and is an important source of calories, protein, dietary fiber, and minerals. In addition, common BEAN provides an essential source of protein for more than 300 million people worldwide. Drought is the major constraint to common BEAN production, resulting in significant yield reductions of 60% of global BEAN production areas. In addition, competition among crops for production area in certain regions has resulted in a shift of dry BEAN production to more marginal zones associated with increased abiotic stresses such as water stress and heat. Robust drought tolerance is conferred by traits that result in stable yield in the presence of water stress, as opposed to mechanisms of escape, such as early maturity. The evaluation and selection for drought tolerance should therefore be focused on the selection of traits that directly affect yield under stress conditions. The objective of this study was recognition of the reaction of BEAN genotypes and identifies tolerant genotypes to water stress in East Azarbaijan region, Iran. Materials & Methods The experiment was carried out during 2011 cropping season in Azarshahr-East Azarbaijan, Iran. The experimental site was located at 1370 m asl and with sandy loam soil receives an annual average rainfall of 300 mm. Plant material consisted of nine genotypes of red, WHITE and wax BEAN were provided from Khomein national BEAN research center. Genotypes were evaluated separately in a randomized complete block design under irrigation and water stress conditions. Each genotype was planted on a plot made of five rows of 3 m length with a row-to-row distance of 0. 5 m and a plant-to-plant spacing of 5 cm. Irrigations in normal and drought stress conditions were applied after 70 and 100 mm evaporation from class A pan. Days to flowering and to maturity, plant height, shoot diameter, seeds in plant and in pod, pods in plant, 100 seed weight and seed yield traits were recorded. For identifying suitable BEAN genotypes, multiple drought tolerance and sensitivity indices were calculated. Orthogonal comparisons were used to compare BEAN genotypes for seed yield based on their colors in normal irrigation and water stress condition. Because irrigation effect was significant in combined analysis, so analysis of variance was performed separately for each set of experiment. Results & Discussion Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among genotypes in both irrigation conditions for all traits. Water stress led BEAN genotypes to mature 12 days earlier and the greatest reduction was found 22 days in wax BEAN genotypes. The plant height reduction under water stress condition in both groups of BEAN was roughly equal. Orthogonal comparison of BEAN genotypes for seed yield based on their colors in normal irrigation and water stress condition showed wax BEAN genotypes were the best in two conditions and had more yield. The results showed that water stress decreased the yield of genotypes up to 47 percent. The response of BEAN genotypes was different for water stress and lowest and highest yield loss was observed for wax and WHITE BEANs genotypes, respectively. Correlation coefficients between the normal irrigation and water stress condition were positive and highly significant for seed yield. The presence of strong correlation between yields of water stress and non-stress conditions indicated that genotypes which were performed under non-stress conditions also performed under water stress growing conditions. The results showed suitable BEAN genotypes can be identified with considering yield of genotypes in both conditions. Drought tolerance indices namely geometric mean (GMP), stress tolerance (STI) and arithmetic mean (MP) were better than others indices for tolerant BEAN genotype selecting. Conclusion Drought stress decreased yield and its components in BEAN genotype, but the reaction of genotypes were different. The findings suggesting that, selection based on the absolute performance of the genotypes across environments is more successful than selecting across the minimum yield decrease under stress with respect to favorable condition. In water stress condition, wax BEAN genotypes were better than red and WHITE BEAN genotypes. Between wax BEAN genotypes, genotypes GO140 was the superior and can be considered as best for similar climate conditions.

In order to study agronomy and morphologic traits of common BEAN, a number of WHITE BEAN genotypes (30 lines) were studied in a randomized complete block design. Analysis of variance for most traits showed significant differences among genotype, indicating the existence of genetic variation among varieties. The highest yield was related to the number 29 genotype and the lowest value was for genotypes number 4 and 15. Results of this experiment showed that weight of pod was highly correlated with the seed yield. Path coefficient analysis showed that the highest direct positive effect was related to weight of pod. Factor analysis was performed for genotypes and three common factors were extracted, which described 82 percentage of traits variations.

Common BEAN is a dicotyledonous and diploid (2n=22) plant. The archaeologies history showed that its origin is Latin& South America. In order to study genetic diversity in four color BEANs (WHITE, Red, Chiti & Black) by morphological traits a balanced group block design with three replications was conducted in 2004 at the research station of Tehran University, Karaj. Stepwise regression and path analysis of five traits, related to pod characteristics, showed that, pod weight and days to 50% poding were the most effective traits on grain yield (R2=0.896 and 0.022, with direct effect of 1.917, and -1.621 and correlation coefficient of 0.909 and 0.667, respectively). Factor analysis showed six latent factors that affected about 80% variation of the yield. Cluster analysis by the Ward method divided the genotypes into three separate groups. Red and WHITE colors were in one group, because they had the closest relationship. This group was more related to the chiti but less related to the black color cultivars.

For evaluation and grouping of 45 genotypes of WHITE BEAN using different phonological and agronomic traits as; emergence (%), emergence index, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% pudding, days to 90% maturity, number of pods.plant-1, number of seeds.pod-1, 100 seed weight, pod length, biomass per plant and grain yield per plant, a field experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2009. Genotypes were divided into three groups by cluster analysis based on phonological and agronomic traits.The groups were: early maturing with high yield and yield components, late maturing with high yield and yield components, and early maturing with low yield and yield components. In principal component analysis, the first three principal components explained 82.29% of the total variance. Grouping genotypes using biplots showed a high agreement with the results of cluster analysis. In general, early maturing WHITE BEAN genotypes in the first cluster that had highest grain yield were identified as superior lines for further evaluation as well as also to be used in WHITE BEAN breeding programs.

Genotype ´ environment interaction effects have important roll in superior genotypes selection. To study genotype, environment and genotype ´ environment effects on seed yield, twelve WHITE BEAN genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at four locations (Broujerd, Zanjan, Khomein and East Azarbaijan) for two years (2012-2014). Results of combined variance analysis showed significance of genotype, environment and genotype ´ environment effects on seed yield. The highest and lowest seed yield of genotypes were obtained in Broujerd (4335 kgha-1) and Khomein (1354.2 kgha-1) stations, respectively. Analysis of AMMI variance showed that six IPCAs were significant and seventh IPCA was considered as noise. Genotype ´ environment interaction effect was more important than main effect of genotype. First two main components explained 71% of total yield variance. According to values of first significant main component (PCA1), AMMI stability value (ASV) and genotype stability index (GSI), genotype 11805/DANESHKADEHwas known as the most stable genotype with high yield.

In order to study the effects of row and plant spacing on the grain yield of withe BEAN, cv. Daneshkadeh, a field experiment was camied-out in Khomein field Research station in 2002 cropping season. Four levels of row spacing, 30, 40, 50 and 60 cm and three levels of plant spacing on row, 5, 10 and 15 cm were studied in split plot arrangement using randomized complete block design with four replications. Four levels of row spacing were assigned to main plots and three levels of plant spacing to sub plots. The results showed that increasing row spacing and plant spacing, i. e. decreasing plant density, the grain yield significantly decreased. The highest grain yield (2605 kg/ha) was obtained from the combination of 30 * 5 cm, row and plant spacing, respectively.