In this study a sample of bentonite obtained from Semnan mines, was modified by a surfactant to prepare an organoclay with high surface area. BET analysis showed that the modification increased its surface significantly. The prepared sorbent was used for removal of dyes and other organic pollutants from a WASTE WATER obtained from Ekbatan textile company. Adsorption was studied in various times to obtain the saturation time. PH variation has significant effect on adsorption and led to variation of adsorbed pollutant. At pH=4.5 the pollutant concentration became minimum which showed the pH is optimum pH for adsorption. Increasing the sorbent to WASTE solution ratio up to 1.2 g/L also increased the sorption. Adsorption isotherm was investigated for fitting with Langmuir isotherm and it has good fitness.

The entrance of objectionable synthetic chemicals from the effluents into groundWATER poses a great threat to the environment, which particularly makes the textile industries liable for any damage caused. The removal of these materials from the effluents is therefore mandatory. As acid dyes are used profusely in fabric making, we carried out an experiment using kaolin as an absorbent at different acidity, concentration, temperature and duration of the experiment. We observed that kaolin activated with HClO4 can remove 96.41% of the cationic dyes and 98.36% of the anionic dyes at the present pH of WASTE WATER. Then we studied absorption with kaolin activated with HClO4 at the pHs of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, at the absorbent concentrations of 5, 10, 20, and 30 gr, at the temperatures of 27, 40, 50, and 60oC and at the durations of 20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes. However, neither temperature nor absorbent concentration affected the anionic dye absorption but they increased the absorption of cationic dyes. The best absorption was obtained at the pH of 2-3 and at the durations of 60 minute.

This paper reports the results of experimental removal process of ammonia from synthetically prepared ammonia solution using a microscale mixing loop air stripper. Effects of various operational parameters (such as pH, air flow rate, WASTEWATER flow rate, and initial ammonia concentration) were evaluated. By increasing pH from 10 to 12. 25, the amount of KLa increased from 0. 26 to 0. 73 h-1. Considerable enhancement, about 150 %, can be found for KLa by changing the air flow rate from 280 to 700 mL/min under a fixed condition. The WASTEWATER flow rate can also increase the value of KLa from 0. 22 to 0. 59 h-1. The values of KLa increased only about 20 %by changing the initial concentration of ammonia in the range between 50 and 500 mg/L. The results showed that any improvement concerning air stripping using microchannel was successfully carried out with enhancing the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) and providing higher mass transfer capabilities compared with other types of strippers, even for lower amounts of used air. The enhancement of mass transfer takes place by efficient mixing induced by the employed microchannel. It has been demonstrated that WASTEWATER flow rate and air flow rate have significant effects on KLa. The optimal stripping conditions and mathematical modeling for ammonia removal and the relation between the parameters were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) method. The results demonstrate the advantages the proposed system possesses over conventional stripper types.

The light and heavy hydrocarbons, phenol and the other organic material if without treatment charge in to the environment it can be increase the risk of environmental of pollution. For the treatment of these WASTEs the separator of oil from the lipids and then the biological process for completely remove the organic materials can be used.

The olive oil extraction industry generates large amounts of two by-products solid residue and an effluent known as olive mill WASTEWATER that is currently considered olive mill WASTE. However, they have a great potential to be used as preservatives (single or combined with synthetic ones) of Biodiesel. Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel obtained by transesterification of vegetable fats and oils, using alcohol in the presence of a catalyst, but its drawback is of being more prone to oxidation than petroleum-based diesel fuel, can cause the fuel to become acidic and form insoluble gums and sediments and consequently increase its viscosity In this study, in order to increase the stability of biodiesel-based sunflower high oleic acid against the oxidation process during storage and distribution of WATER after extraction, we added 100 ppm of halo and 200 ppm of antioxidants (BHT + USM) together. Evaluate the effect of synthetic BHT antioxidants. The oxidative stability of biodiesel will determine using the Rancimat method to evaluate. the greater efficiency of the best combination used gas chromatography.

Industrial development and extensive use of heavy metals have led to the problem of environmental pollution.Nickel compounds are toxic to plants and have detrimental effects on their growth. Valerian is a plant used in herbal medicine. Considering the hazards of nickel, various methods have been developed to remove this contaminant from herbs irrigation WASTEWATER, including the common chemical precipitation and the novel electrocoagulation methods. An advantage of electrocoagulation is its high efficiency in removal of contaminants. In this study, nickel at a concentration of 500 mg/L in a synthetic WASTEWATER was removed by chemical precipitation with Sodium hydroxide, lime, and sodium sulfide, as well as by electrocoagulation; the removal efficacy was 80.66%, 78.92%, 86.02 and 99.96, respectively. The pilot used for electrocoagulation was made of plexiglass with 10 metallic electrodes of 11×7×0.2 cm. Comparison of the results showed high efficiency of electrocoagulation. In these experiments, pH was considered about 6.

WATER quality trading (WQT) is a novel framework for surface WATER quality management. This research studies the optimal WASTE load allocation (WLA) in regard based on BOD parameter in downstream of Sefidrud River. For this purpose, the river is simulated by Qual2kw software and the total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) required are determined. The impact factors of pollutes are also specified using sensitivity analysis and normalized. The optimal WLA is defined through total abatement cost functions and impact factors in which the minimization of total cost is an objective. The analytical results show that WLA based on TMDLs may save 10% economically in comparison with the conventional command and control policy in which WATER quality index (WQI) may increase 20 units in regard. Moreover, WQT also develops cost savings to about 26% in which 418 credits may be traded. Here, the industrial and domestic sources that have high impact factors or low marginal costs are assigned as permit sellers. The primary permit price is also estimated within the recommended market. In addition, in long term, the efficiency of market is confirmed in which 466 credits may be traded and save 10 percent in overall.

Today, reducing WASTE WATER as one of the greatest challenges we face in the industrial process and, since the WASTEWATER is one of the major pollutants produced in that process, the ability to restore and reuse WATER and to reduce WATER consumption represents an important step towards overall WASTE WATER reduction. This article investigates the minimization of WATER consumption and WASTEWATER in the copper industry and, specifically, in Unit Three of the Khatoon Abad copper complex. One conventional method and one new method named WATER Pinch are described for this purpose. In the first, second and third modes, respectively, the TSS-TDS, Turbidity-TDS and TSS-Turbidity parameters were considered as the indicators. The results showed a saving in raw WATER consumption of 379, 22 and 401 m3/day (equal to 25, 1.46 and 26%), respectively, which is a significant amount.