Shortly after gulf WAR (G.W) thousands of WAR veterans referred with sign and symptoms of an unknown disease called G.W illness. Despite multiple studies undertaken by several non-governmental and governmental centers this illness remains unclassified and can not be coded by international classification of disease (I.C.D). The etiology has not been found and the illness appears to be multifactorial and basically related to use of depleted uranium (D.U) weapons, chemical WARfare (C.W) and biological agents. This article reviews this illness and the adverse effects of D.U and B.c.W agents in the G.W battlefields.

Addressing the issue of philosophy of WAR difficult. In the other words, the relationship between Philosophy and WAR seems to be difficult one. Alexander Moseley is a Political Philosophy Editor for the IEP (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy and he has lectured on the Philosophy and morality of WAR at Several British universities. In his book called The Philosophy of WAR he explained why do humans fight each other? He said “ what I hope to establish in this work is that the Principles of WAR s origins involve all aspects of our nature, culture, and thinking. We fight because we believe in fighting and our beliefs have to change if we wish to abandon WAR. The research method in this book and this article is analytical and Philosophical.

The current research aims at answering some theoretical questions about WAR. None of the questions will directly study the origin of "identity" but they will delineate the continuity of the "sense of identity" during a WAR. The questions are: 1- Why "identity" becomes an important issue in theoretical debates about WAR? 2- What relationship can one find between identity, meaning and WAR? 3- To what extent can "meaning" link the debate over identity to mental perspectives? In answering the above questions, the independent variable of narration was taken into account. The variable of WAR serves as a second one which uses narrations either by selecting them or magnifying their int1uence. The chief hypothesis of the current work is that the permanency of an identity which is founded on an event called WAR completely depends on the process of WAR. Therefore, if this process mingles with other important processes which engulf a country after a WAR (like negative crises of internal government disputes and positive crises of reformation and development), the new identity which is an outcome of WAR will face great changes.      

WAR is a phenomenon which can leave a decisive influence on the lives and language of the people of a country for decades to come. Some of the results of a WAR have direct relation with its outcome of victory or defeat. Some other consequences are created by WAR itself. The current work studies two post-WAR outcomes: First, the phenomenon in which death becomes something ordinary and everyday; the persistence of such a phenomenon can lead to the institutionalization of death in people s lives and minds and can have its own effects. Second, the divisions that government critics make of the logic and process ruling on the lives of the people at the time of peace; this can especially be seen among those who want to revive the ideals and values of some former times.      

BACKGROUND: This study compared the triage of Iran-Iraq WAR-injured troops within the first two years of the WAR with that after the first two years.METHODS: This was a retrospective study, which compared the triage of the admissions for abdominal injuries during the first two years of the Iran-Iraq WAR with that in the next 6 years. Out of nearly 50,000 cases, 1,176 ones were randomly selected and their triage information was recorded and analyzed.RESULTS: About 12.5% of patients were operated on within less than 8 hours during the first two years. From 1982 toWARds the end of the conflict (1988), the patients were treated within progressively shorter periods of sustaining injury; 68.8% were operated on within less than 4 hours of injury. The mean delay between injury and treatment in the first two years of WAR was 12 hours while it was 5 hours between 1982 and 1988. The difference was significant (P<0.05) but the mortality rate was not significantly different.CONCLUSIONS: Patient triage was conducted differently at various stages of conflict. Better patient triage after 1982, may have been due to improved care and more specialized triage of injured troops.

Introduction: Prisoner of WARs is one of stressful in the life event in POW lives, which caused the severe changes in their psychosocial as well as physical domains. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the level of depression in prison of WAR (POW) in Iran-Iraq imposed WAR. The main hypothesis is to find the level of depression and its relationships with anxiety, aggression and physical complaints in POWs.Methods and Material: The study is a descriptive study. 129 of released POW's were randomly selected from the released POW's population in province of Isfahan and were requested to participate in the study three months after their release. All subjects filled in the Beck Depression scale, depression subscale of SCL-90, and a demographic questionnaire.Results: The results showed that nearly all of POW's either their selves tortured or have observed their friends' torture. In addition, they, all, suffered from the worse conditions and weak health situation (physical and mental). Data revealed that most of the POW's had not showed depression symptoms (74%) when they entered home.Discussion: However, they are expected to complaint of more psychological and physical problems, particularly depression, anxiety, and hostility. The results supported that there were significant associations between depression, anxiety, hostility, and somatic complaints.

Urban planners and architects often face significant constraints in post-WAR reconstruction efforts in historical cities. They are confronted with two main priorities: preserving urban morphology or prioritizing the rapid provision of housing. Some design based on urban morphology and architectural language, while others disregard these aspects. However, the success of a reconstruction plan is ultimately judged by the people who continue to live in that city afterWARd. The study of post-WAR reconstruction in the city of Dezful serves as evidence of the failure of such efforts from physical, social, and cultural perspectives. Analyzing the historical fabric of the city after a crisis, using pre-WAR data and based on architectural language and urban morphology, can contribute significantly to a structured post-WAR rebuilding process. Identifying the urban morphology and the continuity of the urban fabric, along with layering the phases of city formation over various historical periods, establishes a foundational framework that can guide a methodology for post-WAR reconstruction both within the historical fabric and beyond its existing boundaries. In this study, Dezful’s urban morphology before and after the WAR was examined to propose a logical model for the reconstruction of historical cities following conflict. Our findings indicate that the physical, social, and cultural structure of Dezful has changed since the reconstruction efforts that began in 1981. The proposed protocol outlines a strategy for post-WAR reconstruction in Dezful. According to this protocol, 65% of post-WAR constructions occurred outside the established morphological structure of the city; 25% were somewhat aligned with the city’s morphology, and only 10% of the post-WAR constructions conformed to the original urban morphology.

WAR is one of the most sophisticated social phenomena which can leave a huge impact on different communities. This impact is so huge that it can affect all systems and subsystems and social institutions. Therefore, a WAR is a group fighting whose main characteristic is having a special discipline and organization. On the other hand, identity has an intricate and highly sophisticated concept in social sciences. Though it is an old issue, it has remained a continuing debate open to change and redefinition. The current research, in addition to studying the Parson's pattern and also the biological biographical, social as well as cultural subsystems will also analyze the Iran-Iraq WAR from a sociological perspective. Through this it aims at establishing the relation between identity and WAR and the fact that during a WAR identity in general and national identity in particular are enhanced. This process can eventually encourage the people of a country to defend their homeland against its enemies.