The activities which characterize the rustic life include farming, raising cattle and perhaps a number of other marginal activities such as advance purchase, buying and selling of Gabbe, rug etc. These activities vary from Village to Village.The Village of Barab is different from other Villages in Darab district in that none of the inhabitants here own their land or water resources or farm animals. They lead a very hard life and make a living only through paid labour. Moreover, these Villagers are ethnically and culturally different from the inhabitants of other Villages in the area and it is clear that they have moved to this area in a very distant past and have preserved their ethnic physical characteristics of dark faces, curly hair, thick lips and relatively small skulls through intra - group marriages.

Despie declining rural populations, about 47% of the world's population still lives in rural areas. The Villages that are generally in conditions of poverty and undevelopment. At the same time, Villages have capabilities in various aspects that can play a key role in achieving national development. On the other hand, development ideas have shifted from the technology revolution and especially in the last decade to new and smart technologies And other traditional models will not be responsible for sustainable rural development. In fact, new conditions were created for the Villages based on technology, which is called the smart Village. In this research, which of applied-fundamental type and its method is descriptive-analytical and based on survey, An attempt was made to write the indicators of the smart Village with library studies and to be feasible in a field method. The statistical population includes the residents of Avargan Village and their number was 2041 people. Using Cochran formul and modifying it, 280 samples randomly questioned. The results showed that the most important indicators of smart Village are such as agriculture, industry, services, education, health… . Also the results of the application of t-test showed the best conditions in the development of smart Village are the "economic" dimension and the worst conditions are the "institutional" dimension. In the economic dimension, "services" (with an average of 3. 48) and in the" institutional", "planning" (with an average of 2. 11) have the best and worst conditions, respectively.

The notion of good Village is a core concept and aim for rural development planning. However, modeling the qualifications of good Village in rural settlements, requires investigation and prioritizing the experiences, perceptions and the objective and subjective needs of the local community. This study aims to understand and interpret the characteristics of a good Village from the perspectives of local community. In doing so, we examined the case of Varas Village in Hesar Kharvan Rural District, of Alborz county in Qazvin province to answer the leading question of "What is the local community’ perceptions of a good Village? ". In-depth interviews with the adult participants and the mental imagery and drawing tools with the children and young participants were used to collect data on their insight on the characteristics of good Village. The participants' explanation on the drawings and the interviews were recorded and converted to the text. Then, the contents were analyzed and classified in three phases of coding: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. As a result, 69 concepts and 20 main categories were identified and the conceptual framework of the good Village from the perspective of the local community was developed. In the discourse of the studied local community, the access to agricultural water in all seasons, participation of the local community in rural development projects, employment opportunity for the Villagers, preservation of cultural and natural monuments of the Village, satisfaction with local income, nativism, belief in religious values, benefit from a suitable ecological environment, vernacular architecture, welfare facilities for the Village, collectivism, benefit from formal skills and knowledge in the Village, no conflict between government and people, family foundation, existence of employment development capacities, social solidarity, enjoy physical and mental health, continuity of urban-rural interaction, suitable environment, proper transportation network, were the characteristics of a good Village.

Extended AbstractIntroductionResearches consider the green Village as a way to sustainability, and while emphasizing the environmental aspect of green Villages, they believe that this is a comprehensive model and its other dimensions, such as social, economic, cultural, etc., should not be neglected. And on the other hand, the factors affecting entrepreneurship were analyzed, and their summary is: skilled manpower, increasing the level of educational standards, holding entrepreneurship courses, financial capital, suitable cultural and social environment, financial and economic support, risk taking., personality traits, communication access, internet use, etc., among which economic factors have had a greater impact on the development of entrepreneurship.Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province (natural capital of Iran) and especially Dana city have many natural resources that can be examined from two aspects: exploitation of resources and protection and environmental problems related to resources. The entrepreneurial green Village is known as a solution to overcome the current situation. The questions that are raised are: What is the status of the factors affecting the entrepreneur's green Village in terms of importance and current situation? What are the most important factors affecting the entrepreneur's green Village? MethodologyThe research is applied in terms of purpose and single-section in terms of time, data collection is survey and descriptive and analytical by means of observation and questionnaire and data analysis method. 5 settlements were selected as samples and sampling was done by stratified random method with proportional assignment. Sampling was done at the Village level based on population classes and at the household level with Cochran's formula and community variance, and a total of 332 completed questionnaires were obtained. Results and discussionThe results of the one-sample t-test showed that the current status of factors affecting the entrepreneurial green Village in the study area is at a low level. The importance of the effective factors was used by step-by-step regression test and it is as follows: physical-infrastructural factors (0.46), economic factors (0.24), social factors (0.18) and institutional factors (0.12). These factors show a better situation in the two innocent Villages of Bad Creek and Darshahi, which have more population and are closer to the city center than other Villages.According to the respondents, the most important economic factors affecting the entrepreneur's green Village are: supporting the commercialization of rural business ideas with an average of 4.84, and ownership of production resources (land and water, machinery, etc.) 4.81.The most important social factors: responsible behavior towards the environment 4.80. Encouraging exemplary rural entrepreneurs and introducing them to other Villagers (in person, media, internet) 4.58.The most important institutional factors stated are: Institutional support for stable job opportunities 4.67. Cooperation of various relevant organizations in the direction of rural business development (governor's organization, agricultural jihad, rural cooperative, commerce, educational centers, local organizations,...) 4.43.The most important effective physical-infrastructural factor: development of physical communication infrastructure of the Village (roads and communication roads with other rural and urban areas) 4.98.Descriptive findings of the current status of factors affecting the entrepreneurial green VillageFrom the economic factors: the two factors of ownership of production resources with an average of 2.33 and granting loans and entrepreneurship facilities by the government with an average of 2.76 are at a higher level than the rest of the items.Among the social factors, encouragement of exemplary rural entrepreneurs and introducing them to other Villagers (in person, media, internet) with an average of 2.93 and a shared view about the environment with an average of 2.96 are at a better level than the rest.The average of all items of institutional factors are at a level lower than 2. In relation to the existing situation of physical-infrastructural factors, the situation is the same. The status of all factors is at a low level.in one sample t - test, the mean and upper limit of all items were positive, so with 99 percent confidence, it is possible to say that the importance of factors is above average. finally, regarding the importance of the total factors affecting rural entrepreneurship, the average gained is 4.52. also, because the mean and upper limit of this item are both positive, so with 99 percent confidence, it can be said that the importance of total factors affecting rural entrepreneurship in the study area is above average.the average of the current status of effective factors in 1.83 is obtained which is lower than the theoretical mean of the society (3), since the upper and lower limit and also the mean difference are negative, so 99 percent confidence can be said that the current situation of the factors affecting the green Village of the entrepreneur is low. all of the indicators of the present situation are far less than desired situation (importance).according to the results of beta coefficient, it can be said that the physical - infrastructural factor with the 0.46 coefficient is the most important factor in the development of entrepreneurial green Village. after that, economic with the beta coefficient 0.24 percent, social with 0.18 and institutional coefficient with coefficient of 0.12 is. ConclusionThe importance of all factors affecting the green Village of the entrepreneur has been evaluated in an important level while the status quo of these factors is much lower than their importance, therefore, it is necessary to identify the responsible organizations for promoting the status quo of these factors: in the economic dimension: special protection of public and private sector of organic products production, creating sustainable small businesses and commercialization of green ideas through facilitating the reception and registration of brand and in social dimension: providing skills and entrepreneurship education.in general, the importance of all factors affecting the green Village of the entrepreneur has been evaluated in an important level while the status quo of these factors is much lower than their importance. FundingThere is no funding support. Authors’ ContributionAuthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of InterestAuthors declared no conflict of interest. Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Understanding the mysteries of the biological complexes, such as ecovilages and indigenous mechanisms in the sustainable livelihoods of these communities can be a pillar for achieving sustainable rural development. In this research, the Hajij Village as an example of an indigenous and touristic area with many natural and cultural data is qualitatively studied using a grounded theory approach based on the combined, applied and exploratory approach to discover the secret of this survival. There are 53 heads of household from 171 families in the Village (with a population of 571) were chosen in a chain targeted sampling method and interviewed deeply. In addition, the direct observation, document review and personal experience were also used. Then, the results were content analysis. With using axial coding and following the trajectory of the story from four categories, 20 subcategories and 132 concepts, paradigmatic model of study as a model for sustainable livelihoods of Hajij was presented. According to the resulted-based pattern, the people of this Village with use of the collection of natural, social, human, physical, indigenous knowledge and culture, various strategies for keeping their environment long have adopted. Whereas, the invasion of negative consequences and intervening elements threatens the life of this sustainable pattern at the present time and requires serious attention.

Although in most of the rural development plans, relocation of informal settlements is often considered as an efficient solution to increase safety of rural communities against natural and man-made disasters, such as, earthquakes, fire hazards, floods, etc. an evaluation of recent experiences in the relocation projects show that the relocated community is often unsatisfied with the new residential areas. In most cases, the new residential areas are advantageous in compare to the informal settlements in terms of utility infrastructures and architecture design but the public remain reluctant to migrate to the new place. This paper, tries to evaluate the role of Community participation in the process of informal settlements relocation projects in Kerman province, an Iranian south-eastern state, by measuring people's evaluation of their own participation in the process of decision-making during five key relocation phases, namely, choice of new location, methods of relocation, architectural design of the new areas, construction procedures and supervision on the whole project. Questionnaire survey was employed to gather these data and was followed by statistical analysis (by SPSS software) in order to approve meaningful relationships. The results showed that lack of community participation had been responsible for a number of uninhabited settlement projects and some unfinished construction projects during the whole relocation process.

Nayband is a historical Village in South Khorasan, which is located on the western edge of the desert. The adjacency of the Village to the caravan route, its strategic position, and the existence of water resources and fertile lands have led to the formation of its texture. The harsh climatic conditions of the region and the existence of miscreants and bandits in the historical periods, while caused the establishment of castles and watchtowers, have given a tangled and compact structure to the region. The present study aims to identify the structure of the cultural landscape of Nayband, and its architectural patterns and housing typology. Moreover, the paper is concerned with the historical texts and travelogues that are about the Village to analyze its physical structure and answer the following questions: What period does the history of living in the Village go back to? In what evolutionary process did Nayband go through its formation process and why does the texture of the Village have a compact structure, such as impenetrable castles? And what are the shaping paradigms of Nayband cultural landscape? The method of the present research is historical and desk studies, with an analytical-interpretive approach. It is concerned with the case study in the texture of the Village and tries to identify the cultural paradigms that formed the landscape of Nayband through field studies and documentation of physical and nonphysical factors and comparing them. The results show that the composition of the natural factors including high mountains, green valleys and water springs, which are in contrast with the arid lands of the region, have created a unique ecosystem in this Village. In addition to this, the artificial and man-made elements including agricultural landscapes (farms, citrus orchards and groves on the outskirts of the Village), architectural works (handmade areas, castles, defense towers, unique residential patterns, passages and shelters) and special cultural and social structures have created an intertwined cultural and natural structure in the Village. This is intertwined with a rich history of pre-Islamic times, biological customs, living traditions, historical and continuous land use with horticultural and agricultural patterns, extensive architectural structures and a special visual view of the Lut Desert. The Village of Nayband is a valuable example of organic cultural landscapes and has constantly changed the desert settlements of the country.

The global urbanization process during last two decays reveals the declining position of rural settlements and appearance of a new spatial organization and population distribution in different areas around the world. Is rural settlement vanishing or does Green Movement revitalize the rural settlement are questions in need of consideration.In Iran, despite the rapid urban growth and increasing of urban population proportion during last decays, by considering the economics viability, character, image and physical structure of new urban centers, still the importance of rural settlements is considerable.In this paper, lack of unbalanced population distribution, surplus migration, lack of organization of spatial structure, environmental intrusion, socio-cultural abnormalities and insufficient urban utilities are introduced as major challenges for lack of balance between urban and rural areas. Finally comprehensive economic, social and spatial development planning considering the capacities and features of areas within the consolidated urban-rural framework is proposed as a response to a better understanding of urban rural environments and a strategy for creating a better balance between urban and rural environments.

Eco Village design is a new field of knowledge still under development. It will be the physical manifestation of the unfolding of the ecoVillage dream held by so many. It is generally agreed that concept of sustainability should play an increasing role in future urban development world-wide. In order to ensure ecological sustainability, cities around the world have to decrease their environmental footprint. In this article, will try to find some principles of designing eco-Villages in Iran that have less environmental footprint. Two aspects are important in this regard: the decrease of energy consumption and the decrease of waste products and its subsequent management. The concept of eco-Village, despite having arguably limited influence, does have the potential to serve as an alternative urban model. As relatively small experimental communities, eco-Villages are in the position to explore and apply novel solutions, the necessity of which is evident in the global concern for sustainability. Valuable practical lessons can be provided in the current for suitable urban development. In this article, some eco-Villages around the world have been compared with each other and will suggested some solutions for designing eco-Villages in Iran.