Background: The production of stress oxidative condition in body which is caused by consumption of ecstasy (3, 4‑ methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA]) leads to a liver damage. As an antioxidant, VITAMIN E can protect cells and tissues against the deleterious effects of free radicals. This study evaluates the protective effects of VITAMIN E on MDMA induced liver toxicity. Materials and Methods: Twenty‑ eight male albino mice were randomly assigned to four equal groups. Group 1 received saline (control), Group 2 received MDMA and saline, Group 3 received MDMA, and VITAMIN E and Group 4 received VITAMIN E. MDMA was injected with single daily dose, three sequential days/week for 5 weeks. At the end of the period, blood samples were collected for a biochemical analysis and then the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation for histopathological and biochemical examinations of liver. Results: The administration of VITAMIN E attenuated the increased levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in serum. VITAMIN E treatments significantly restored endogenous antioxidant enzymes (reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase enzyme) activities as compared with MDMA‑ treated animals. Histological examination of liver revealed significant morphological tissue injuries in hepatocytes after MDMA being used, but in coadministration of VITAMIN E and MDMA, these morphological alterations reduced. Conclusion: The study showed that MDMA administration has adverse effects on the liver. VITAMIN E lessened the deleterious impact considerably.

Background: Fatty streaks are the primary lesions to form atherosclerosis. Lipid per oxidation by free- radicals, plays an important role in plaque formation. VITAMIN E, as a lipid in soluble VITAMIN, is an important antioxidant and may prevent or delay the coronary heart disease by limiting LDL oxidation. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of VITAMIN E and iron on blood serum lipids in male rabbits fed high – cholestrol diet.Method: Thirty white male rabbits were weighed and blood serum samples were taken for analysis of serum lipoproteins. They were randomly divided in to 5 groups each Containing 6 rabbits for 42 days. Group1 was given normal diet, Group2 fed with high cholesterol (%2) diet, Group3fed with high cholesterol diet with iron (50 kg/mg), Group4 fed with high cholesterol diet with VITAMIN E (50 kg/mg) , Group5 fed with high cholesterol diet with iron (50 kg/mg) and VITAMIN E (50 kg/mg). These groups were again weighed and blood samples were taken for analysis of serum lipoproteins after 42 days.Results: Significant difference in cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG, VLDL, were seen before and after the experiment in all 5 groups, (p<0/000).Conclusion: The significant difference was observed between all groups in relation to the effect of iron and VITAMIN E on lipid metabolism. While VITAMIN E has a protective role in atherosclerosis, it seems that iron has a provocation role in serum lipids.

Background: The concern of the present research was to study VITAMIN E and its antioxidant medical quality, which is going to prove very useful to prevent prostaglandins formation. This study is done with regard to this scientific observation that one of the causes of menstrual migraine is the increase in the secretion of prostaglandins around the time of menstrual period and the proper doses of VITAMIN E which are very useful for preventing menstrual migraine.Materials & Methods: This research was done via clinical trial‚ random‚ double blind and cross over study. In the first step 300 university students who were all living in the dormitory were chosen. They were all affected by menstrual migraine and among them 84 people who were afflicted by the real menstrual migraine‚ were separated and they were randomly divided to two groups. The first group‚ in the first two menstrual cycles‚ was given VITAMIN E and after wash out cycle‚ during the next two menstrual cycles‚ they were given placebo. The procedure was reversed for the second group. During the first two cycles the students in the second group were given placebo ad after wash out cycle‚during the next two menstrual cycles‚ they were given VITAMIN E. Meanwhile the fluctuating average of severe headaches and their duration‚ the amount of medicine (sedation) used‚ the intensity of photophobia and phonophobia‚ nausea along with their headaches and finally the degree and rate of their daily activity when they had headache were all evaluated. Eventually 67 people of both groups entered the final stage of analysis.Results: The research indicated that in both groups‚ both VITAMIN E and placebo were very effective on the reduction the average intensity of headache‚ photophobia and phonophobia‚ nausea along with headaches and the amount of medicine used‚ but it is observed that the effect of VITAMIN E was more than placebo (p<0.05).Conclusion: From considering and comparing the activity of people that have used VITAMIN E in a period of time and whose that used placebo showed that VITAMIN E is much more effective in preventing menstrual migraine and alleviating the pain. In addition, since VITAMIN E did not have any side effect‚ it could considered as a proper alternative for menstrual migraine prevention treatment.

Background and Objectives: Arsenic is one of the most hazardous metals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of VITAMIN E on a Rat model of arsenic induced hepatotoxicity.Materials and Methods: In this study 30 Wistar rats (immature and mature) were used and each was randomly divided to 3 subgroups. Subgroup received normal saline and subgroup 2 and 3 both received Arsenic, 3 mg/kg, subcutaneously, but subgroup 3 also received VITAMIN E, 400 mg/kg, intraperitoneally for 10 days.Results: Histopathologic examination revealed cell swelling, fatty changes and necrosis in hepatocytes of Arsenic group. In subgroup 3 the severities of lesions were less than group 2. Leukocytosis in both arsenic and arsenic-VITAMIN E groups was observed, but there was no significant difference between them. Activity of glutathione peroxidase in arsenic group was significantly decreased in compared with control group. However in group 3, the activity of glutathione peroxidase was increased but it was not significant.Conclusion: VITAMIN E supplement decreases the hepatotoxic effects of Arsenic.

Introduction: Muscle cramps are sever, involuntary and painful muscle contractions which mostly occur in the muscles of legs. Muscle cramps in hemodialysis patients are very common and one of the most common causes of discontinuation of hemodialysis. Objective: In an experimental study the effects of VITAMIN E in treatment of muscle cramps in hemodialysis patients were compared with placebo.Methods: During a one-month pretreatment study, the number, severity and duration of cramps were recorded in the checklist, weekly. Patients with at least six cramps per month were included in the study and designated in the case or control group, randomly. Study continued for three months during which patients in the case group received 400 mg VITAMIN E every night and placebo in control group.Results: There was no difference between the number of occurrence, severity and duration of muscle cramps in the case and control groups in the first month of study (during pretreatment time). The mean number of cramps in the first month was 23 and in the second month was 7.3 (p<0.001). Duration of cramps in the first and second months was 27.1 and 12.8 minutes respectively (p<0.001) and for the severity of cramps was 8.7 and 4.5 respectively (p<0.01). These variables did not change significantly during the third or forth month, compared to the second month of study.Conclusion: It can be concluded, therefore, that VITAMIN E administration might be beneficial for prevention of muscle cramps of hemodialysis patients.

Background: There are controversial reports about the therapeutic effects of fish oil in patients with ulcerative colitis. Polyunsaturated fatty acids cause an oxidative injury at the site of inflammation because of a decrease in the colonic antioxidant defense system. VITAMINs A and E inhibit lipid peroxidation in the tissues. The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible useful effects of fish oil, VITAMIN A and VITAMIN E enriched diets on the improvement of colonic damage and reduction of inflammation in experimental acute ulcerative colitis.Materials and Methods: Eighty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into treatment and pretreatment groups. Rats in the treatment groups received intrarectal saline (control group, n=10) or acetic acid (1 ml, 4%) to induce acute ulcerative colitis. After the induction of colitis, rats were fed for I wk with standard diet (colitis group, n= 10), diet enriched with fish oil (10%) and 1.2 mg/Kg VITAMIN A (FA group n=10), or diet enriched with fish oil (10%) and 2gr/Kg VITAMIN E (FE group, n=10). The control group was fed with standard diet. After 1 wk the degree of tissue injuries was assessed by macroscopical and histopathological scores of colonic mucosa. In pretreatment groups, rats were fed for 1 wk with standard diet (colitis group, n=10), diet enriched with fish oil (10%) and 1.2 mg/Kg VITAMIN A (PFA group n=10) and or diet enriched with fish oil (10%) and 2gr/Kg VITAMIN E (PFE group, n=10) and then they received intrarectal acetic acid to induce ulcerative colitis. The control group was fed with standard diet and received intrarectal saline. Two days after the induction of colitis the degree of tissue injuries was assessed by macroscopical and histopathological scores of colonic mucosa.Results: Acetic acid administration induced severe macroscopic (Total score=5.0±0.0) and microscopic damages to mucosal tissue (Total score=9.7±1.3). The Rats with colitis in the treated group FE at 1wk showed significantly less macroscopic (Total score=1.0±0.3) and microscopic colonic damage (Total score=2.7±0.7) compared with those in colitis group. However in the FA group with macroscopic (Total score=3.2±0.7) and microscopic colonic damage (Total score=7.8±8) there was no significant difference with colitis group. Pretreatment of acetic acid-treated rats with FA and FE diets did not result in any improvements in macroscopic and microscopic scores.Conclusion: These results may reflect that fish oil and VITAMIN E enriched diets could be beneficial in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.