Background: Recent attempts have been focused on employing chemical and natural supplemental agents for treatment of cyclic mastalgia. Among various agents, the potential effects of VITAMINs remain questionable. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of two types of these VITAMIN supplements (VITAMIN E and VITAMIN B6) in improving pain severity in cyclic mastalgia.Materials and Methods: In a randomized double‑blinded clinical trial, 80 patients suffering from cyclic mastalgia were randomly assigned to receive 200 IU of VITAMIN E daily or 40 mg/day of VITAMIN B6 for 2 months. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Severity of breast pain was detected by the Cardiff breast pain score during one menstrual cycle before and two menstrual cycles after the intervention. Data were analyzed usingt ‑test, Chi‑squared test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression with SPSS version 19 andP<0.05 was considered significant.Results: There was no significant difference in the mean of severity of cyclic mastalgia during one menstrual cycle before the intervention between the VITAMIN E and B6 groups (9.1 ± 2.1 and 8.4 ± 3.1, respectively), but the difference was significant during the first cycle (5.1 ± 1.6 and 5.2 ± 2.5, respectively) and the second menstrual cycle (2.3 ± 1.0 and 2.6 ± 2.0, respectively) in the two groups after the intervention. The trend of changes in pain severity score showed significant downward trend of pain severity score within the study period in both the treatment groups (P<0.001), while these trends were similar in both groups when examined by the repeated‑measure ANOVA test. By multivariable linear regression analysis adjusted for baseline variables, we found that both the treatment regimens resulted in similar reduction in breast pain severity (P=0.067).Conclusions: Both regimens containing VITAMIN E and VITAMIN B6 are similar in reducing breast pain severity in cyclic mastalgia.

Background and purpose: The use of vancomycin, as a key therapeutic choice for treatment of hazardous infections, may be associated with nephrotoxicity. The proposed mechanism is the indirect production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of VITAMIN E as an antioxidant agent in the prevention of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity. Experimental approach: In a matched-groups interventional study, patients who received vancomycin for any indication were assigned to VITAMIN E (n = 30) and control (n = 60) groups. The patients in experimental group received 400 units of oral VITAMIN E per day for 10 days started concurrently with vancomycin, while the patients in control group received vancomycin alone. Serum level of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine clearance (CrCl), and 24-h urine output were determined and recorded before the start of interventions, every other day during therapy, and 12 h after the last dose of vancomycin in 10th day of therapy for all patients. Also, the rate of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the two groups was recorded. Finally, the mean values of the measured parameters were compared between the groups. Findings / Results: Treatment with VITAMIN E for 10 days resulted in a significant reduction of BUN (from 17. 5 ± 7. 8 mg/dL at baseline to 11. 4 ± 4. 8 mg/dL at the end; P < 0. 001) along with slightly non-significant increase of CrCl (from 84. 7 ± 18. 9 mL/min at baseline to 91. 3 ± 19. 5 mL/min at the end; P = 0. 301) in comparison to the control group. However, CrCl decreased significantly in the control group. VITAMIN E had no significant effect on 24-h urine output. Regarding vancomycin-induced AKI, 12 cases were observed in the control group, while no case was reported in experimental group (P = 0. 041). Conclusion and implications: This study showed the beneficial effect of add-on therapy of VITAMIN E besides vancomycin in reducing AKI, which could be considered as a new potential prophylactic therapy for vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Background: VITAMIN E is a fat-soluble agent protecting cells from free radicals damages. Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in mucosal intestinal damages in burn trauma. This study aimed to investigate VITAMIN E effects on small intestinal mucosal changes in burned rats.Methods: Mature male rats (n=32) weighing 260±10 g were used in this experiment. After induction of deep general anesthesia, a determined area of rats’ back region (10% of body surface) was exposed to 95oC water for 8 seconds to induce a second-degree wet burn. The evaluated groups in our study were: 8 rats without burning, 8 rats without burning treated with VITAMIN E, 300 mg/kg/day for 15 days, 8 burned rats without medication and 8 burned rats treated with VITAMIN E, 300 mg/kg/day for 15 days. All rats were killed on fifteenth day by ether inhalation. The samples were taken from the first part of small intestine and were stained by Hematoxylin & Eosin method.Results: Burned rats receiving VITAMIN E had a higher intestinal villi height and lower intestinal lumen diameter as compared to burned rats without the VITAMIN E treatment (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively) and those values were close to the results of unburned ones. There were no significant differences among the study groups regarding the intestinal diameter and muscular layer thickness.Conclusion: VITAMIN E can improve intestinal villus height and lumen diameter and its consumption at the time of burning may protect intestine mucosa.

Introduction: Hypertension as a major coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor is more prevalent in Iran. In recent years, the effect of antioxidants in reducing CAD and their risk factors has been considered. Therefore, this triple blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed to determine the effects of antioxidant VITAMIN E on blood pressure in patients with mild hypertension.Materials & Method: 70 subjects with mild hypertension (SBP: 140-160 mmHg, DBP: 90-100) and without secondary hypertension who were referred to hypertension unit in Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center were recruited. All subjects were aged between 20 and 60 years old with only one cardiovascular risk factor. They were divided randomly into two sub-groups of supplement or placebo. Two sub-groups were matched for confounding factors such as job, age, sex, religion and education level. Supplement group was received 200 IU/day VITAMIN E tablet and placebo group was received a placebo tablet per day for 27 weeks. At the beginning and at the end of the study, the VITAMIN E level was measured using Hansen & Warwick method by flourometric method in all subjects. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at the beginning; during and at the end of the study by a physician using the same sphygmomanometer.Results: At the end of the study, it was found that the VITAMIN E supplement decreased 24% systolic blood pressure compare to 1.6% in placebo group (p<0.05. Diastolic blood pressure was decreased 12.5% in supplement and 6.2% in placebo group after 27 weeks (P<0.05).Conclusion: It is concluded that 200 IU/day VITAMIN E supplement as decreases mild hypertension may be the cause of increasing long term availability of nitric oxide and its influences to monitor blood pressure.

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a most common disorder of premenopausal women that affected 95% of reproductive age women. This syndrome was diagnosed by recurrent psychological and behavioral and physical symptoms in premenstrual cycle that disappeared one or two days after menstruation. According to previous research, VITAMIN E has beneficial effects on reduction of PMS symptoms such pain, mastalgia, carbohydrate craving, irritability, and anxiety.    Objective: To evaluate the effect of VITAMIN E on PMS and hypothesis beneficial effects of high dose VITAMIN E on PMS.Materials and Methods: This is a triple blind randomized study which was performed on 79 students that they were not any disease. Diagnosis of syndrome according to the American Psychiatry Association (APA) includes one psychological and physical symptom from common symptoms of PMS. 250 students of medical science of Iran university completed PMS questionnaire for three cycle of menstruation. Then 79 subjects affected by PMS allocated randomly to two groups of VITAMIN E (400 UI) and placebo (500 mg starch powder). They completed rating scale of PMS in one week before menses with drug for three cycle of menstruation. Data was analyzed by pair-t-test and independent- t-test.Results: severity of syndrome in VITAMIN E group was reduced in comparison with result before treatment; their difference was significant (p≤0.0001). Placebo caused reduction in PMS symptom in comparison with result before treatment, and their difference was significant. (p£0.0001). But there were no statistically significant differences between two treatment groups in severity of syndrome. (p≥0.05)Conclusions: According to this study 400UI VITAMIN E caused effective treatment of PMS but was not rather than placebo. More studies in this field can be recommended to compare several different dose of VITAMIN E on severity of PMS. Also we recommended change of placebo, because carbohydrates can effect on PMS.

Background: Although a few studies have shown the positive correlation between patients’ serum concentration of 25 OH-VITAMIN D3 and type II diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance, there are controversies regarding the relationship between 25 OH-VITAMIN D3 as a risk factor for cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases that has to be cleared. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the rate of 25 OH-VITAMIN D3 and the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Patients with suspected CAD.Methods: This study was a cross sectional study that has been conducted in the department of cardiology in Imam Khomeini Hospital complex in collaboration with endocrinology research center. In this study 178 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled. Based on their history and clinical findings coronary angiography was performed in all patients. Severity of CAD has been assessed by using Gensini score, based on their coronary angiography findings. The relationship between severity of CAD and their serum level of 25 OH-VITAMIN D3 was evaluated. Serum level of 25OH- VITAMIN D3 was measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method by Euroimmiune kits (from Germany).Results: Of 178 patients, 50 (28.1%) were female and 128 (71.9%) were male. Mean±SD of their ages was 56.2±11.8 years old. Significant coronary artery stenosis (stenosis more than 50% luminal diameter) was observed in 91 (51.1%) of patients. Mean±SD of serum level of VITAMIN D3 in patients with CAD was 45±35 nm/l and in patients without CAD was 55±44 nm/l (P= 0.047). Mean±SD of Gensini score was 26.3±21.1, as well. Therefore correlation coefficient between 25 OH-VITAMIN D3 and Gensini score was -0.262 (P= 0.043).Conclusion: Although there is a trend toward association between deficiencies of 25 OH-VITAMIN D3 and the presence of CAD but their association is not statistically significant. For achieving more convincing findings larger studies are needed.