Introduction. Renal anemia is one of the most frequently observed complications in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD). Reduced red blood cell survival due to oxidative damage is one of the causes of anemia in these patients. VITAMIN E (alpha – tocopherol) is a natural biological antioxidant, which protects red cells from the effects of reactive oxygen metabolites and could be useful as a collateral therapy for anemia in HD patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential beneficial effect of anti-oxidant VITAMIN E supplementation (oral) on renal anemia and to find out whether this improvement mechanism is attributable to the enhanced hematopoietic function or to the prolonged RBC life. Methods. This clinical trial study included (8 cases with mean age of 14 ± 2.9 years and 7 controls with mean age of 14 ± 2.7 years) stable children on chronic hemodialysis, at hemodialysis center in Sheikh children hospital, Mashhad. At the time of entry, there was no evidence of iron deficiency or history of blood transfusion. All of the children (case and control) received subcutaneous erythropoietin (EPO) with the dose of 120 ± 80 u/kg/ BW/week, folic acid with the dose of 1 mg/day, and iron with the dose of 1 to 2 mg/kg/day. Oral VITAMIN E (200 u/day) for 3 months was only prescribed to the cases. Laboratory parameters determined at the beginning of the study were: iron, ferritin, transferrin, total iron binding capacity, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, reticulocyte count, and peripheral blood smear. Hb and HCT were checked every month during the study and the results were compared with those obtained earlier.Results. Prescription of oral VITAMIN E for 3 months resulted in significantly higher levels of Hb and HCT in the cases compared to those in the controls (11.4 ± 1.7 vs. 10.1 ± 1.9 Hb and 35.3 ±5 vs. 31.3 ± 6 Htc, P < 0.05). Conclusion. Antioxidant VITAMIN E supplementation improves renal anemia by decrease of oxidative stress and RBC life span in hemodialysis patients.

Background: Malathion is an insecticide of the grouping of organophosphate pesticides (OPs), which shows strong insecticidal effects. In addition, VITAMIN E reacting to cell membrane site may prevent OP-induced oxidative injury.Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the protective function of VITAMIN E on toxicity of malathion, by measuring the activities of liver and liver mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in rats.Materials and Methods: The mitochondrial viability was determined in liver. Effective doses of malathion (200 mg/kg/day) and VITAMIN E (alpha-tocopherylacetate [AT]; 15 mg/kg/day) were administered alone or in combination for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the liver tissue and liver mitochondria of the animals were harvested and examined.Results: In liver tissue, the activity of LPO and CAT was higher in the malathion group in comparison to controls. AT reduced malathion-induced LPO, SOD, CAT, and GPx in rat liver. Coadministration of AT with malathion improved LPO, SOD, and CAT levels in liver as well as CAT and GPx in liver mitochondria. Malathion-induced mitochondria toxicity was recovered by AT.Conclusions: In conclusion, AT measurement can be beneficial for the safety or recovery of malathion-induced toxic injury in liver tissue and liver mitochondria.

Background: Osteoporosis one of the postmenopausal symptoms is characterized by bone loss. There is a link between excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, estrogen deficiency due to cessation of ovarian function and bone loss. Free radicals are responsible for causing osteoblast apoptosis and reducing osteoblastogenesis in bone remodeling. VITAMIN E is a potent antioxidant with the ability to protect bone cells from damage by neutralizing free radicals.Its role to Scavenge ROS including in the process of osteoporosis is important. The present study was carried out in search for an alternative treatment of osteoporosis using VITAMIN E.Materials and Methods: The ovariectomized rat model was used in this study. Thirty mature female Wistar rats weighing approximately 200 g were selected and randomly divided into ovariectomized control, and ovariectomized rats treated with VITAMIN E. in experimental group treated daily at the dose of 80 IU per kg dietary. It was administrated for two months. Then the femur bone of the animals was collected and tissue bone investigated under a light and electron microscopic level.Results: The ovariectomized rats showed a significant decrease in bone mass density of femur in control group with an increase in resorption and reduction in both trabecular volume and number. Bone loss induced deterioration of bone trabecula in comparison with normal tissue bone they showed inappropriate lamellar structure and a large uncalcified bone matrix. In experimental group VITAMIN E prevented the reduction in trabecular bone content and decreased trabecular separation bone. Administration of VITAMIN E reversed bone loss and prevented destruction of bone tissue and trabecular formation. Serum biochemical assays revealed that VITAMIN E. prevent osteoporosis induced in ovariectomized group (p<0.05).Conclusion: In this study, we investigated the effects of VITAMIN E which act against of bone degeneration and alternation in bone after osteoporosis. It is suggested that VITAMIN E has the potential effect as an alternative and effective treatment for prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis especially order with other routine treatment methods.

Objective(s): Alcohol consumption induces oxidative stress on bone, which in turn increases the risk of osteoporosis. This study determined the effects of VITAMIN E on bone strength and bone mineral content in alcohol-induced osteoporotic rats. Materials and Methods: Three months old Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: (I) control group; (II) alcohol (3 g/kg) + normal saline; (III) alcohol (3 g/kg) + olive oil; (IV) alcohol (3 g/kg) + alpha-tocopherol (60 mg/kg) and (V) alcohol (3 g/kg) + palm VITAMIN E (60 mg/kg). The treatment lasted for three months. Following sacrifice, the right tibia was subjected to bone biomechanical test while the lumbar (fourth and fifth lumbar) and left tibia bones were harvested for bone mineral measurement. Results: Alcohol caused reduction in bone biomechanical parameters (maximum force, ultimate stress, yield stress and Young’ s modulus) and bone minerals (bone calcium and magnesium) compared to control group (P<0. 05). Palm VITAMIN E was able to improve bone biomechanical parameters by increasing the maximum force, ultimate stress and Young’ s modulus (P<0. 05) while alpha-tocopherol was not able to. Both alpha-tocopherol and palm VITAMIN E were able to significantly increase tibia calcium and magnesium content while only alpha-tocopherol caused significant increase in lumbar calcium content (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Both palm VITAMIN E and alpha-tocopherol improved bone mineral content which was reduced by alcohol. However, only palm VITAMIN E was able to improve bone strength in alcohol treated rats.

VITAMIN E (vit. E) is an antioxidant compound with different kinds including tocopherols and tocotrienols. The major sources of vit. E are vegetable and seed oils. The recommended dietary allowances vary with age, gender, and state of the person. There have been numerous experiments showing beneficial effects of vit. E on immune system, cancer, and coronary artery diseases in the elderly. Moreover, vit. E in general appears to play a beneficial role in maintaining human good health. The aim of this study is to define the interaction of vit. E and scopolamine on memory retention. For this purpose a permanent guide cannula was implanted stereotaxically within the right lateral ventricle of adult male rats. After recovery period, animals received habituation and training sessions by passive avoidance task. The drugs were injected after shock intracerebroventricularly. The effect of these drugs on memory retention was evaluated after 24h. The results showed that scopolamine, the antagonist of muscarinic receptor (1, 5 mg/rat) decreases memory retention, while vit. E (50 mg/rat) potentiates this response. The pretreatment of scopolamine (0.1, 1, and 5 mg/rat) attenuated increasing response induced by vit. E (50 mg/rat). The results indicated that there is a close interaction between scopolamine and vit. E. In addition, vit. E increases acetylcholine release in the brain and improves memory retention.

Objective The use of amino acid supplements among athletes for reducing muscle injuries has become more popular. This study aims to examine the effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) consumption before exhaustive exercise along with one month VITAMIN E supplementation on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels of active females. Methods In this study, 32 active female students of Razi University in Kermanshah, Iran aged 18-23 years were selected and, after obtaining the informed consent form them, were randomly divided into four groups of placebo (n=8), VITAMIN E (n=8), BCAA (n=8), and VITAMIN E+BCAA (n=). VITAMIN E was consumed as 400 IU daily for a month and BCAA with lemon juice was consumed 2. 5 hours before exercise four times with a 30-min interval. The exercise program included 30 minutes of cycling on an ergometer with 50% of the aerobic capacity, and immediately followed by cycling with 75% of the aerobic capacity until the exhaustion. Sampling was done immediately and 48 hours after the exercise, and data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni test, and Pearson correlation test in SPSS software, version 22. Results None of the supplements had a significant effect on levels of LDH and CK immediately after the exercise (P>0. 05), but 48 hours after the exercise, the mean levels of LDH and CK decreased in BCAA group (CK: 199. 4±, 11. 00, LDH: 213. 2±, 23. 44) and VITAMIN E+BCAA (CK: 188. 3±, 3. 20, LDH: 208. 3±, 40. 12) compared to VITAMIN E and placebo groups (P = 0. 001). Their lowest levels was observed in the VITAMIN E+BCAA group which was negatively correlated to plasma leucine and isoleucine levels (P = 0. 001). Conclusion Although BCAA consumption alone before exhaustive exercise can reduce muscular damage indicators in active females, it seems that leucine and isoleucine along with VITAMIN E supplementation is more effective in reducing muscular damage.

Background: Acitretin therapy is frequently associated with reversible, dose-related side effects. Recent studies claimed that combining VITAMIN E with high-dose isotretinoin reduced isotretinoin induced side effects. Objectives: The purpose of this clinical trial study was to determine the effect of a fixed or adjusted dose of VITAMIN E on the side effects of acitretin. Patients & Methods: Fifty five subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment programs including with acitretin (0.7 lmg/kg/day) together with either VITAMIN E (13 lU/kg/day) or alone for 3 months. The incidence of side effects of acitretin in two groups were assessed and compared. Results: The study was completed in thirty nine patients. VITAMIN E did not decreased the incidence of side effects associated with acitretin. Conclusion: VITAMIN E did not significantly ameliorate retinoid side effects when combined with 0.7-1mg/kg of acitretin in treatment of skin disorders.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of VITAMIN E supplementation on angiogenic factor response (serum VEGF) to exhaustive exercise and to survay the correlation of VITAMIN E supplementation with serum VEGF in active men. Therefore, Thirty active men (Mean±SD: maximal oxygen consumption 40.19±2.54 ml/kg/min) were selected and divided to supplementation (400 IU Alpha di tocopherol acetate per day) and placebo (0.4 gram Amylum per day) groups based on VO2max. The subjects were completed exhausted exercise (20 min with 50 % VO2max follow by 40 min with 65 % VO2max, and finally 5 min with maximal effort to volitional fatigue) after 14 days supplementation. Blood samples were collected before of supplementation, before, immediately and 2h after exhaustive exercise. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Pearson correlation tests (a=0.05). Two weeks VITAMIN E supplementation significantly increased serum VITAMIN E in supplementary than placebo group (p=0.006). Also, exhausted exercise caused significant increase in serum VEGF after exercise training in supplement (p=0.001) and placebo (p=0.000) groups. However, there was no significant difference between serum VEGF in supplementary and placebo groups at any time point (p=0.865). Also, there was no significant correlation between VITAMIN E and basal VEGF serum (P=0.221). In conclusion, VITAMIN E supplementation with 400 IU dosage for 14 days does not seem to have significant effects on basal serum VEGF and on the VEGF induced by exhaustive exercise.