In this study, the effect off adding SiO2 nanoparticles on the VISCOSITY of base fluid is investigated experimentally. Base fluids are chosen among common heat transfer fluids such as ethylene glycol, transformer oil and water. In addition different volume percentages of ethylene glycol in water are used as ethylene glycol-water solution. In every base fluid different volume fractions of SiO2 nanoparticles is added. It is shown that the VISCOSITY of solution enhance by adding nanoparticles. The effect of cooling and heating process on the VISCOSITY of nanofluid is also discussed. The presented data show that as the temperature increases the VISCOSITY of base fluid and nanofluid decrease. It is also revealed that there are very little differences between the VISCOSITY of nanofluid in a specific temperature at cooling and heating cycles. According to the experimental results new correlations for predicting the VISCOSITY of nanofluids is presented. These correlations relate the VISCOSITY of nanofluid to the particle volume fraction and temperature.

In this study, the Potential Applied VISCOSITY (PAV) has been measured on 5 types of raw material in wied varities range.The lowest and highest PAV values were observed for maize and barley, respectively.Cereal PAV caj be properly estimated by extraction at PH, 1.5 without ethanolic treatment. Real applied VISCOSITY(RAV) was affected by temperature of pelleting(2.5mm), The high RAV values were observed only when PAV was also high and the temperature of pelleting was above 90°C. Particle size of extracted flours greatly changes the RAV values and coarse grinding result the low RAV values. It is demonstrated that enzymi activity could not affected by particle size.Excretion and consumption of water relative to feed intake are measured in 5 week-old meat-turkey poults by 5 diets. Regression lines are fixed with the data (for raw material) as the dependant variables, and the diet parameters were as the independent variables.The most efficient equations are based on RAV and potassium on PAV, temperature of pelleting and potassium. The highest R2values was 0.758. According to the expressions of equations, the effects of dependant variables are not increased in this case.

In this experimental study dynamic VISCOSITY of hybrid engine oil (5w-50) -Cuo-MWCNT nanofluid for volume fractions of 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 percent of nanoparticles for temperatures of 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55oC has been measured. This hybrid nanofluid has been prepared utilizing the two-step method. For VISCOSITY measurement, the Brookfield viscometer has been used. The experimental measurments indicate that by increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles the VISCOSITY increases; also, by increasing the temperature the VISCOSITY decreases. Based on the experimental results the maximum and minimum VISCOSITY increases with volume fraction increase from 0.05 to 1 at a constant temperature are 35.52 and 12.92 percent, respectively, relating to 55 and 15oC. Measurement of the nanofluid VISCOSITY with different volume fractions, shear rates and temperatures indicates its Newtonian behavior.A new temperature and volume fraction dependent VISCOSITY correlation, developed in this study to be used in numerical simulations, shows very good agreement with experimental results.

Dilution is one of the various existing methods in reducing heavy crude oil VISCOSITY. In this method, heavy crude oil is mixed with a solvent or lighter oil in order to achieve a certain VISCOSITY. Thus, precise mixing rules are needed to estimate the VISCOSITY of blend. In this work, new empirical models are developed for the calculation of the kinematic VISCOSITY of crude oil and diluent blends. Genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to determine the parameters of the proposed models. 850 data points on the VISCOSITY of blends (i. e. 717 weight fraction-based data and 133 volume fraction-based data) were obtained from the literature. The prediction result for the volume fraction-based model in terms of the absolute average relative deviation (AARD (%)) was 8. 73. The AARD values of the binary and ternary blends of the weight fraction-based model (AARD %) were 7. 30 and 10. 15 respectively. The proposed correlations were compared with other available correlations in the literature such as Koval, Chevron, Parkash, Maxwell, Wallace and Henry, and Cragoe. The comparison results confirm the better prediction accuracy of the newly proposed correlations.

In this work, the activation energy in the VISCOSITY equation derived on the basis of Eyring's absolute irate theory is expressed in terms of a simple two-parameter linear function of temperature. The VISCOSITY data of 111 pure components are used to evaluate the parameters of activation energy and, then they are correlated in terms of each component characteristics, such as reduced boiling point and acentric factor. The results of VISCOSITY calculations are compared with those of the other models and are how a higher accuracy of the results obtained by the VISCOSITY equation used in this work.