The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS on SOCIAL capital and happiness of the users in a SOCIAL networking site. Using surveys, multistage cluster sampling, multiple regression and structural equation modeling, the following results have been obtained: Membership and participation in a VIRTUAL SOCIAL network affects the structural and functional aspects of SOCIAL capital. These features have been observed in individuals who are members of the Network: Increased communication NETWORKS, membership in other groups, adherence to the norms and rules, trust in others and groups, obtaining in formation, support and the capability to get the resources. Development of SOCIAL capital in VIRTUAL networking sites increases feeling of the positive experience and decreases negative experience in users.To sum up, membership and participation in VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS, will increase SOCIAL capital and consequently happiness.

Introduction and Objective: SOCIAL interaction is a fundamental element of any society. On the network, they are considered as SOCIAL capital and personal relationships and connections through the network gains access to resources and support. The main objective of this research is to study SOCIAL capital in VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS. Given the importance of SOCIAL interaction in VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL capital in this study, structural dimensions (size and composition of the network), interactive (frequency of contact and intimacy) and functional (support) has been studied.Methods: This survey was conducted using questionnaires and the dimensions of SOCIAL capital, the impact of SOCIAL factors on SOCIAL capital NETWORKS are examined. The research in Persian language is VIRTUALly all SOCIAL NETWORKS. Sample size of 386 patients who were selected by snowball non-probability sampling.Conclusion: The results suggest that different dimensions of SOCIAL capital and in every aspect of the building, which was interactive and functional results, may be differences of SOCIAL capital in the real world. The effects of SOCIAL and demographic variables on network SOCIAL capital in this study confirmed the causal model and research hypotheses have been formed by the impact of impression and interaction.

Technologies and various media have affected SOCIAL institutions such as family and cause shape changes in relationships within the family. One of the means of communication that are easily and widely used in the household is Internet. With the entrance of media, especially the Internet to the family, changes in personal, SOCIAL, public and private relationships are occurred. The use of SOCIAL NETWORKS gets more and more popular day by day and it can be said that information technology has become an integral part of life. As SOCIAL NETWORKS in diminish face-to-face relationship which can be especially seen in the relations between spouses. This study aims to evaluate the impact of SOCIAL NETWORKS on the couple's commitment with descriptive and analytical method. Because the sample in this study is in synchrony with the population, a sample of married couples working at the Red Cross, SOCIAL Security Organization and medical universities are selected by convenient sampling technique. Questionnaires are provided after their approval, the sample size is 300 persons. Results show that there is no significant difference in using SOCIAL NETWORKS between genders. There is an indirect significant relationship between using SOCIAL NETWORKS couples’ trust. There is an indirect significant relationship between using SOCIAL NETWORKS couples’ commitment. There is a direct significant relationship between using SOCIAL NETWORKS couples’ dependence. Finally it can be said that despite the positive results of using SOCIAL NETWORKS, they also have negative consequences such as a kind of alienation called living alienation which is emerging. In other words self-alienated and alien self are occurring.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the motivational factors in face book users and approximate number of users, approximate number of friends and friends of the opposite sex. Method: The method of the research is descriptive survey and has been done among semnan university students in academic year of 1390-91 among whom 460 persons have been selected at first section and 300 persons at second section at twenty classrooms. The participants are selected according to multiple stages clustering sampling method. The tools of the study is questionnaire of motivations for using face book (golnar, balsi and kakayer, 2010). Results: The results of the present study showed that the most important reason for inclination of users toward using face book is narcissism and self-expression (72.56 percent). The second motive to use this site is the personal status with agreement of 65.5 percent. The third motivation is media drenching and performance because of which 68.41 percent of people are the users of the site. The forth motivation is information seeking with 53.54 percent. The fifth motive is pastime with 52.46 percent. The sixth one is relationship maintenance in touch with 37.8 percent, and the seventh motive is entertainment with agreement of 35.35 percent. All the descriptive results indicate that boys and girls differ from each other in amount of using face book with different motivations. Moreover, about two-thirds of students in the VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS are fixed; each having about 10 friends or contacts and almost 4 of them from the opposite sex. Conclusion: The authors of the survey conclude boys and girls are different in using face book with various incentives. The results of the present paper can be useful in analyzing the needs of youth and their circumstances.

This paper will attempt to offer a set of indicators that together construct a model which will help to measure SOCIAL capital among users of SOCIAL NETWORKS. The world is now experiencing some new changes that are affecting conceptual equations in SOCIAL sciences, two of which are of our concern here: 1- the concept of SOCIAL capital that has opened its way into epistemological basis of SOCIAL sciences, and; 2- the world has welcomed the birth and development of SOCIAL NETWORKS in our daily life, affecting many aspects of SOCIAL actions. There is Facebook from among a handful of SOCIAL NETWORKS that has reached the threshold of international networking capacity with roughly one billion users. We will use Robert Putnam's theory of SOCIAL capital alongside Frank's methodological innovation regarding measuring tools of SOCIAL capital in order to create a marriage between these two as well as to address a yet more problematizing issue, i.e., how to measure SOCIAL capital of the Facebook users. Accordingly the paper will focus on Facebook as the field of research and will introduce triangulation approach that we used in order to come up with the set of indicators. Participatory observation and online survey were used as constructing elements of triangulation approach so to generate the necessary data for the above purpose. At first, we used participatory observation through which 14 targeted samples were selected and whatever they had in their profile in Facebook were collected and analyzed. This analysis helped us to construct our questionnaire which was launched through Google docs. In the end, some 218 respondent returned their completed questionnaires. The final stage of analysis consisted of finding out how we can use the results to offer a new tool for measuring SOCIAL capital of Facebook users. The research findings indicated that there are 10 indicators which should be put together if SOCIAL capital is to be properly measured.

Present research investigates “The Impact of VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS (Facebook) on SOCIAL Identity” of the students at Eastern Tehran Branch of Islamic Azad University in the academic year 2011-2012. This study seeks to find out about the impact of the extent and the type of Facebook use in light of four SOCIAL identity dimensions (ethnic, religious, national and global identity). The research is conducted through survey. For data collection, questionnaire is used. The questionnaire was handed out to 250 students as the research sample selected quite randomly from three faculties of Techniques and Engineering, Human Sciences and Basic Sciences. The research theoretical background is derived from theories of Stuart Hall, Richard Jenkins, Anthony Giddens, Manuel Castells, and Peter Burger. The obtained results confirmed the relationship of ethnic, religious, national and global identities with the extent of Facebook use.

Background and objectives In the millennium of information technology, new means of communication play an undeniable role in the lives of SOCIAL actors. One of the notable aspects of these media is the SOCIAL problems and harms caused by their use, most of which affect women. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS on women's SOCIAL deviations. Methodology In terms of its objectives this study is of an applied research type and in terms of its nature it is considered as a descriptive type of SOCIAL survey. The statistical population includes 105 women detained in Jahrom who were selected as the available sample population. The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire with the necessary content validity (face validity) and reliability higher than 0. 65. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression. Findings Data analysis indicates that the relationship between education, socioeconomic status, religiosity, membership purpose, usage rate and history of using the Internet and SOCIAL NETWORKS is significant with the SOCIAL deviation variable at the level of 0. 05. The results of the regression equation also showed that about 25% of the variance of the dependent variable (R^2) is explained by independent variables, and among them, the most effect is related to the two variables of usage rate and history of using the Internet and VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS with standard beta values of 0. 404 and 0. 320. Results VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS have provided more opportunities and motivation for women to violate SOCIAL norms than the real space of society. Therefore, it can be argued that VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS have an effective and direct role in the occurrence of women's SOCIAL deviations.

The debate regarding the individuality or collectivity of the Iranian society is still alive among the Iranian scholars and sociologists. But, in these debate and also experimental researches on the individualism or collectivism of Iranian society one will notice that no attention has been paid to VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS. However the participation in the VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS has become an important part of Iranians` everyday life, and so it is necessary to examine collectivism and individualism with regard to these NETWORKS. In order to study this topic the following inquiry has been started by examining the networked individualism theory of Barry Wellman (2012) and after redefining of the concept, we have made a scale for measuring it. Therefore, one of the innovations in this study is creating a scale for this concept. The results showed that networked individualism exists at a moderate level. Also, the new findings suggest that familism, as a public culture of Iranian society in VIRTUAL NETWORKS also plays a significant role. Finally, it can be said that the networked individualism`s scale developed in this research, which has happened for the first time, can be a sufficient tool for the study of individualism in cyberspace that needs to be rectified and measured.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS of Tehran citizens and their consumption pattern. The theoretical framework is based on the views of theorists such as Veblen, Giddens and Bourdieu. The approach of the present research is quantitative and the research method is descriptive in terms of descriptive path and applied in terms of purpose. Data were collected by a survey method and using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population of the study included citizens over 15 years of age in Tehran who were interviewed using the sample size estimation formula, 600 of them were interviewed using multi-stage stratified sampling. The results, regarding objective dimension, showed that cultural consumption is one of the influential variables in the consumption pattern of Tehran citizens and in addition there is a significant relationship between cultural consumption and the use of VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS. On the other hand, there is a relationship between the use of VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS and the clothing consumption pattern of Tehran citizens. In fact, the use of VIRTUAL SOCIAL NETWORKS by Tehran citizens has affected their coverage and how they buy. The results obtained in the mental dimension of the subject under study also indicate that the use of SOCIAL NETWORKS has affected the values and SOCIAL attitudes of Tehran citizens based on consumerism.