Introduction: An important variable in investigation of agility during puberty is the age of reaching peak high VELOCITY, which like other agility indicators is under the effect of different factors such as physical condition and type. The purpose of present research was to examine relationship between somatotype and peak high VELOCITY (PHV) among Iranian 7-10 years old boys.Methods: Participants were 313 7-10 year-old members of Basij talent identification centers in all Iran's provinces. Somatotype data were calculated using Heath-Cartr instruction and PHV was measured using Mirwald formula and were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regressions.Results: Results of pearson correlation showed that PHV had a positive correlation with ectomorphy and negative correlation with endomrphy and mesomorphy. Total correlation between PHV and somatotype was 0.50 which explained 25% of PHV variance. Results of regression analysis showed ectomrphy and endomorphy were significant predictors of PHV but msomrphy was not a significant predictor of PHV.Conclusion: Endomorphy had a smaller part in predicting the PHV age, but mesomorphy was not a strong predictor, Moreover, ectomorphy following endomrophy had a strong predicting power. Studies in this area suggest that those who have greater ectomorphic characteristics are less agile and the physiologic requisites for their puberty develop later in their bodies. Therefore poor sport performance of ectomorphic children may result from their distance to PHV age so coaches and instructors should consider this measurement and somatotype.

Background: Sexual dysfunction in males is characterized by the inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for a satisfactory sexual activity. Erectile dysfunction is a common disorder in males and intracavernosal injection of papaverine followed by color Doppler ultrasonography of the penis is used to diagnose and treat vascular impotence. In this study, we examined the relationship between changes in peak systolic VELOCITY (PSV) and erectile dysfunction with vascular cause after a cavernosal injection of papaverin.Methods: We performed this self-controlled clinical trial in Shahid Hasheminejad Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2010 and 2011. The study population consisted of 90 patients with erectile dysfunction. The peak systolic VELOCITY (PSV) of cavernosal arteries was evaluated before and after injection of 40-80 mg papaverine and it was compared in the patients with and without response to injection.Results: The mean age of participants was 47.7±13.7 years. Response to papaverine injection was positive in 41 (45.5%) patients. The mean PSV values were 14.68+5.65 and 53.74+18.8 cm/s before and after the injection, respectively (P<0.001). A PSV cut-off point of 10 cm/s was determined for the condition before injection. The sensitivity and specificity of the value for diagnosis of arterial erectile dysfunction were calclulated as 50% and 100%, respectively.Conclusion: A PSV cut-off point of 10 cm/s in flaccid status before papaverine injection has a low sensitivity but high specificity for the diagnosis of arterial erectile dysfunction. Future studies with sufficient cases of arterial erectile dysfunction are necessary for final judgments and suggestion a new cut off point.

GIUH (Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph) theory is based on the assumption of constant VELOCITY during a rainfall-runoff event. Five simultaneous rainfall-runoff events were gathered ill two hydrometric stations (Bagh-Tangeh and Kamar-Khany) in the Ammameh representative watershed located in the Southern Alborz mountain region in Iran. VELOCITY estimations for these events were made through exponential Q-V relationship. Using GIUH theory, the peak discharges proved to be overestimated for all events except one. A suitable value for VELOCITY was found for each rainfall-runoff event by trial and error so that the peak discharge could be precisely attained. A mean ratio of 1.72 was found for simultaneous velocities between the stations under study, which is far beyond unity. Furthermore, a ratio of 1.02 was calculated for one rainfall-runoff event in a non-representative watershed situated in southern Iran. Therefore, it seems that with the existing data, no crucial conclusion can be obtained as to whether the mean flow VELOCITY remains constant during a rainfall-runoff event.

Transfer alignment of master and slave systems plays a key role in the inertial navigation accuracy of the marine cooperative vehicles. Accuracy enhancement of misalignment angle and orientation estimation is the main purpose of the transfer alignment. VELOCITY and orientation matching is a well-known method for transfer alignment. However, in many applications, there are no VELOCITY measurements of both the master and slave systems due to weight, dimensional and technological limitations of accurate speed sensors, such as Doppler VELOCITY Loggers (DVL). Angular VELOCITY configuration is a suitable solution for transfer alignment in this situation. However, the orientation error cannot be estimated in this configuration. Taking this drawback into account, a new configuration based on using the integral of angular VELOCITY in addition to angular VELOCITY measurement is presented for transfer alignment in the current research. Furthermore, appropriate abilities are considered to estimate the dynamic misalignment angle, orientation error and also measurement errors of the slave gyroscope. Two linear and non-linear observation models are developed for the transfer alignment configuration. The simulation results reveal the appropriate performance of the proposed configuration for marine application, especially when there are no accurate VELOCITY measurements. Based on the simulation results, the performance of the non-linear observation model is better than linear ones in dynamic misalignment angle estimation. Moreover, it can be inferred from the orientation error estimation that rich data in high-maneuvered motion is necessary for required estimation accuracy. Additionally, 200 runs of Monte-Carlo simulation are developed and the estimation RMSE are presented.

Studies of river engineering and River cross structures design such as bridges, diversion dams, Water Intake, etc. have closely related with the accurate calculation of depth, flow VELOCITY and it has estimated moment of maximum flood discharge. The Estimated of flow VELOCITY is important in hydraulic and hydrology studies. where no enough measured data is available, empirical approaches are usually applied to estimate flow VELOCITY and maximum flood discharge. The most of these methods have been proposed for a certain area with specific physical and climatic conditions. to use these methods in other areas with different conditions, evaluation and analysis of sensitivity of their parameters seems to be necessary. In this research, new simple and efficient method is used to carry on sensitivity analysis of 2 flow VELOCITY estimation methods including Manning and chezy that both of them are the most famous flow VELOCITY existing. The results show chezy empirical equation is more sensitive Manning equation in estimating flow VELOCITY. At the Manning equation, Model sensitivity is more to the less roughness values and when the energy line slope value (surface water) is high, flow VELOCITY sensitive is increases. In other word, small changes in high slope, the flow VELOCITY has changed dramatically. Sensitivity of Output’s model to hydraulic radius parameter is higher than while the area of catchment increases. Results show that roughness coefficient (c) in chezy equation is the most sensitive parameter and it need to more at tention and correction.

Behavioral studies in team sports is typically constrained by dynamic factors, such as positioning of defenders for interception. In this study were captured data from the movement VELOCITY with high speed camera, throwing VELOCITY with sports radar gun and throwing accuracy of 12 elite handball players under defensive constraints (defender-absent, defender-far, defender-near, and defender pairing). ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze effects of these constraints on gait and throwing parameters (P<0. 05). The results revealed significant differences in overall mean horizontal VELOCITY (F(1. 335, 14. 682) = 8. 680, P = 0. 007 ) and mean ball VELOCITY ( F(3, 33) = 12. 733, P = 0. 000 ) but there was no significant differences in mean ball accuracy ( F(3, 33) = 0. 400, P = 0. 754 ). When defender was closer to the attacker, mean movement VELOCITY and throwing VELOCITY was shown more decrease. Since regulation of offensive players was continuous and based on perception of current and required behaviors, results supported from perception-action coupling and prospective control models. Also, findings suggest that the technical aspects of the running and throwing in handball can affect by nested tasks constraints.

Background: We aimed to evaluate subepicardial and subendocardial left ventricular (LV) functions in patients with single coronary artery lesion at early stage after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods: Patients with left anterior descending (LAD) lesion (n=40) were evaluated. Patients underwent PCI and at least one coronary stent was placed. After PCI, the pulsed-wave tissue doppler imaging (pw-TDI) parameters taken from subepicardial and subepicardial layers were compared among the them.Finding: The systolic and diastolic pw-TDI parameters were apparently different between the patient after PCI, while the systolic pw-TDI parameters did not change. The diastolic pw-TDI parameters taken from both subepicardial (circumferential contraction) and subendocardial layers (longitudinal contraction) improved after PCI. After PCI, it was shown that while Ea VELOCITY (P=0.012) taken from the subendocardial layer increased, IVRa VELOCITY (P<0.001) taken from the subepicardial layer decreased.Conclusion: In our study, left ventricular, left atrium, and aortic valve diameter increase in patients with coronary artery disease. The systolic and diastolic functions were impaired at subendocardial and subepicardial layers. These dysfunctions can be easily presented with pw-TDI. Although systolic dysfunction persists, diastolic dysfunction improves at early stage after PCI.

Discharges in hydrometric stations are estimated by converting the stage values to the discharge using a stage-discharge relationship or by multiplying mean VELOCITY with flow cross-sectional area. Estimation of mean VELOCITY in hydrometric stations, especially during flood events, is not easily possible. Therefore, the method of estimating mean VELOCITY by converting the maximum VELOCITY to mean VELOCITY using a conversion factor is a desirable method. The VELOCITY convert factor estimation in stations without enough valuable measured discharge data is a challenging issue. Present study develops a method for determining the conversion factor by combining the entropy VELOCITY profile and a data-driven technique (genetic programming) by knowing only one mean VELOCITY value, and thus develops a method to determine discharge at the weak gauging sites. The advantage of the method introduced in this study is the simplicity of application and the use of parameters that can be easily measured to estimate the mean VELOCITY values. The performance of the method was evaluated by comparing the computed and the observed mean VELOCITY values and the Root Mean Square Error and the Mean Absolute Error were found to be 0.05 m s-1 and 0.04 m s-1, respectively. The results showed that the introduced method estimates a suitable conversion factor compared to similar methods and is applicable for stations without measurement.