Protein drug transporters play an important role in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs. The study of protein-drug interaction is a significant issue for drug development. Drug transporters are multi-specific transmembrane proteins that facilitate the membrane passage of a large number of drugs. Drug transporters have a distinct expression pattern in the human body lining pharmacological barrier tissues, most importantly the small intestinal epithelium, the endothelial cells in the blood–brain barrier, the epithelium of the proximal tubule cells in the kidney, and hepatocytes in the liver. However, it is both expensive and time-consuming to perform physical experiments to determine whether a drug and a protein are interacting with each other, while these studies are really useful in medical sciences. Bovine milk β-lactoglobulin (b-LG) demonstrates significant resistance against both gastric and simulated duodenal digestions. Therefore, it seems a realistic protein candidate for safe delivery and protection of particularly pH sensitive drugs in stomach. Prednisolone is a synthetic adrenal corticosteroid which is used to achieve prompt suppression of inflammation in many inflammatory and allergic conditions and to treat blood cell cancers (leukemia (and lymph gland cancers (lymphomas). In this study the intermolecular interaction of prednisolone with b -LG was investigated using UV-VIS spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of Prednisolone complexation on the secondary structures of b -LG was studied and the results showed that the secondary structure of b -LG was preserved upon interaction of this drug. Based on the achieved results, this protein might be useful for delivery of Prednisolone.

Ultraviolet–VISible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy was used, in the current investigation, to explore the dispersion and stability of titania nanoparticles in an aqueous media with different types of dispersants. Hydrochloric and nitric acids as well as ammonia were used to determine the stability of the suspension in the acidic region (pH=2.5) and basic area (pH=9.5), respectively. In addition, for measuring sustainability of suspension and creating steric, and electro steric repulsive forces, ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol plus ammonia were employed, respectively. UV–V is spectrometry was applied to realize the effect of nano titania concentrations and different types of dispersants of samples containing different amounts of nano titania and different types of dispersants on stability of TiO2-containing suspensions. In addition, the stability of dispersion could be evaluated in colloidal mixtures containing ethylene glycol plus ammonia. It was demonstrated that the mixtures containing ethylene glycol plus ammonia were stable over a period of 4 days. To support the UV–VIS results, other techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to study the degree of agglomeration of titania nanoparticles in terms of morphology and size.

In this research Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) coupled with microvolume UV– VIS spectrophotometry has been used for the sensitive determination of tetryl. The method is based on the conversion of tetryl to anionic form in the alkaline medium and its extraction into CCL4 using Aliquat 336. In this method, there is no need to use extraction solvent because Aliquots 336, in addition to the formation of counter ions for the formation of ion-pair with anionic form of tetryl also acts as a disperser agent. In this method, the calibration graph was linear over the range of 10-700 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 2. 1 ng/mL. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of tetryl in water and soil samples.

In recent years quick development is fared in drug discovery methods due to increase the production of new drugs. The most important issue in drug delivery system is discussion about controlling of drug delivery to the body. With common methods for use, such as: oral and injectable of drug consumption, the drug will be distributed throughout the body and the body will be under its effects and side effects. Proteins can be used as drug carriers. The interactions of proteins with different ligands play an important role in many cellular processes, and also pay special attention to the interaction of the drug design to achieve a particular effect needs to consume large amounts of drugs. Bovine milk β-lactoglobulin (b-LG) demonstrates significant resistance against both gastric- and simulated duodenal digestions. Therefore, it seems a realistic protein candidate for safe delivery and protection of particularly pH sensitive drugs in stomach. Alprazolam is a short-acting anxiolytic of the benzodiazepine class of psychoactive drugs. Alprazolam, binds to specific sites on the GABA receptor. In this study the intermolecular interaction of alprazolam with b -lactoglobulin was investigated using UV-VIS spectroscopy. Moreover, the effect of Alprazolam complexation on the secondary structures of b -LG were studied and the results showed that the secondary structure of b -LG were preserved upon interaction of this drug. Based on the achieved results, this protein might be useful for delivery of Alprazolam.