The neutrality of living spaces in the URBAN ENVIRONMENT and man’s lack of space in the URBAN structure both indicate that contemporary man is suffering from homelessness and lack of space. That is why citizens and URBAN dwellers have lost their identity and their interaction with the ENVIRONMENT. The mission of URBAN planning is to enhance URBAN spaces to places in which social and human values can be manifested.Phenomenology has the potential to create meaningful ENVIRONMENTs and call for a sense of place, spirit of place, and meaning of place, all of which being the basic elements of the identity of a place. The results of the present study have shown that it is not needed to look for a new designing style, instead, it is necessary to search for traditional meanings and values in the architecture and construction of cities with especial attention to phenomenological approach.

The assessment of ENVIRONMENTal effects generated by URBAN areas (with various activities as agriculture, industry, human activities) on groundwater quality became essential for the use and conservation of the water resources. The main objective was to apply a water quality index to the groundwater sources using the specific methodology, establishing the suitability for drinking for groundwater. Water resources were monitored in October 2011, the samples were collected from 22 points for groundwater, and more parameters were analyzed: pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, oxygen regime, hardness, alkalinity, nutrients regime (nitrates, ammonium, phosphates) which were considered important and utilized for water quality index computation that reveal poor quality for groundwater. The oxidability should be included in computation formula and the final results used for water management, taking into consideration the limits of the current model. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to indicate the influence of URBAN area on the quality of groundwater resources. Results of the analysis highlight an influence of geology and a contamination of agricultural origin.

AB-Boshghabi (Centella asiatica) from Apiaceae family, has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Asiatic countries for hundreds of years.This plant is indigenous to the warmer regions of both hemispheres, including southeast Africa, Asia, Srilanka, the Pacific Islands, Madagascar, Eastern South America, Venezuela, Columbia. It is especially abundant in the swampy areas of India, Iran (around the Anzali lagoon), and Pakistan, Upto an altitude of approximately 700m.This hygrophyte plant is considered as a "vulnerable species" in the Red data book of plant species of Iran. This valuable hygrophyte species has a definitely exclusive habitat around the Anzali lagoon. The major principles are the triterpenes asiatic acid and madecassic acid, and their derived triterpene ester glycosides, asiaticoside and madecassoside.The major clinical indications for the use of centella asiatica in human include the treatment of wounds, venous insufficiency of the limbs, Certain mycobacterial infections and cellulitus. In the present article, we review mainly medicinal aspect of Centella asiatica that hitherto has not received much attention.

Introduction: This article with purpose of evaluating the degree of adolescent's satisfaction of public URBAN ENVIRONMENT leads to studies concerning public ENVIRONMENT and adolescent and children experiences in URBAN space with emphasizing youth - friendly city model. The aim of this research is to assess the youth' satisfaction of URBAN public ENVIRONMENT and identify the effective factors on the satisfaction of the youth living in Azarbayjan district. The main considered question in this research is that what factors affect the degree of the youth satisfaction in Azarbayjan district of URBAN public ENVIRONMENT?Method: In this research, statistic population is adolescents between 13-17 who is living in Azarbayjan district. Sampling has been calculated by random systematic sampling method with 333 people. After studying and surveying theories, concepts and global experiments especially the theory of youth-friendly cities, definition of terminology, the factors affecting the degree of satisfaction of the youth and the main variables in satisfaction are determined. From this base, the degree of youth satisfaction with creation of experimental model of satisfaction assessment (value tree) and surveying 5 variables and 11 criterions in 4 levels is evaluated. Then, by using questionnaire technique, the data of statistical samples was collected. By using SPSS software, the data and statistical analysis such as T test, correlation analysis of multi-variable regression and path analysis was extracted. Validity and reliability of questionnaire was tested by factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha. The result of factor analysis shows that the experimental models of satisfaction in case study is a suitable model in assessment of the degree of satisfaction.Findings: According to the results of the research, any of the three main variables of the research, which are "access to services", "social security", "residential background" and lateral variable "physical features of residence" have significant relationship with dependent variable "youth amount of satisfaction in Azarbayjan district" (p<.01). Only the lateral variable "social - economical origin" is not significant.conclusion: Finally, the degree of the youth satisfaction in Azarbayjan district, was estimated in low level (5>2.82> 1) with vision as the most effective factor on the degree of youth satisfaction of Azarbayjan district.

In an early definition of ENVIRONMENTal quality, satisfaction is one of the key criteria by which the extent of ENVIRONMENTal quality may be determined- an ENVIRONMENT of high quality conveys a sense of well-being and satisfaction to its population through characteristics that may be physical, social, or symbolic. Assessment of the factors leading to satisfaction and dissatisfaction from the residents’ point of view can be used as criterion for the planning and design of URBAN development projects. This research was undertaken in he Navab neighborhood of Tehran. Data collection was conducted through a field study using a questionnaire filled in by a sample of 270 residents. Data analysis was also conducted using SPSS software. Analysis of the results shows the residents’ satisfaction with their houses to be at a mid-level; in the theoretical mode it was estimated to be 3. Factors including the satisfaction with residential units felt by their residents show that full satisfaction was only expressed on the level of security of the residential complex. The factor of “relationships among neighbors” was estimated at a mid-level. Other factors such as the facilities of the residential complex, landscape and view, and the physical significance of the complex were rated with dissatisfaction. The results of factor analysis support this experimental model by high level (89%). This was concluded from a literature review of similar subjects. On a factor analysis of personal and family variables and their impact on satisfaction levels expressed by the residents, none of these variables had any effect.

Toady, one of the main factors contributing to the air pollution in such metropolises as Tehran are the suspended particles resulting from automobiles, heavy traffic on the roads,  and different industrial activities.Particulate matter (PM) is a generic term used to describe a complex group of air pollutants that vary in size and composition, depending on the location and the time of their dispersion. The PM mixture of fine airborne solid particles and liquid droplets (aerosols) include components of nitrates, sulfates, elemental carbon, organic carbon compounds, acid aerosols, trace metals, and geological materials.ADMS-URBAN is an advanced model which is used for calculating concentrations of pollutants emitted continuously from point, line, volume, and area sources and of pollutants emitted intermittently from point sources. The model is an advanced Gaussian-type model and uses Gaussian distribution for such concentrations and is recommended for regulatory use for multiple buoyant or passive industrial emissions from URBAN or rural areas of flat or complex terrains with transport distances less than 50 km and periods of time ranging from a few seconds to a year.The percentage of the suspended particles and meteorological parameters such as the speed and direction of the wind, temperature, and cloud cover were measured for the city’s municipality District 22 over a year, twice in a day (morning and afternoon), and for one week in each month. The data were collected at 13 mobile measurement stations during the critical time of traffic (the time with the highest rate of density and dispersion of suspended particles in the air).The obtained results were presented in the GIS ENVIRONMENT of the District because of the availability of sheets in that ENVIRONMENT. The output of this mathematical model was compared with the inventory model (databank) of the air pollution in District 22. The results showed a similarity between the output of the mathematical modeling and the real measured data.This model has been used for the first time for modeling the pattern of particles emission in Tehran. The results also showed that due to the existing vehicles and traffic, Tehran-Karaj freeway and the eastern border of District 22 had the highest density and concentration of suspended particles.

Because of the importance of health, safety and ENVIRONMENT (HSE) issues in URBAN parks, this paper is organized in the form of integrated management of health, safety and ENVIRONMENTal assessment in URBAN parks of 6th district of Tehran. Assessment of HSE in URBAN parks provide quality of their field and positive experiences to the next., Based on the results of the expectations of citizens and municipal services in planning of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methodology and comparison with the results of analysis on existing parks models are developed to assess the status of HSE, especially in dealing with URBAN parks. Indicators for classification of citizens voice, output of the AHP methodology and indicators of classification concerns about the municipal parks and green spaces has been outputs of Delphi survey method.

Predecessors Create Cities That All People Were Proud of Them. We Are Also Making History. Will Posterity Speak Proudly of Their Ancestors.Iranian Cities Gradually Keep Away from the ENVIRONMENTal Requirements and Their Fundamental Role as a Place of Tranquility and Improving Quality of Life. Extending the Cities without Rules, Selling the Law of the City, Encroachment on Forests and Natural Resources are Uncivilized Behavior and Unforgivable Mistake. Sovereignty in Creating the Balance between the URBAN ENVIRONMENT and Organizing a Large Part of the Human Habitat has not been Successful. With the Power of Community, This Situation Will Be Better. The Result of Citizenship Rights is Participation in URBANism, URBAN Management and Efforts to Establish the Rule of Law and Remove Incompetent Managers. Making Citizenship and Moving toward an Efficient, Transparent and Comprehensive Legal System Provide a way to the Justice, Rule of Law, Security and compatible with ENVIRONMENT.

Remote sensing technology has shown its great capabilities to solve many earth resources issues. One of the most important applications of this technology is to detect land use/cover changes happened over a certain period of, time. In this study, an attempt has been made to study URBAN land use/rover changes over a period of 10 years from 19-09-1988 to 04-4-1998. Using PCI Geomatica software package and after careful registration of two Land sat TM image data sets on each other, different digital image processing techniques such as simple image differencing, principal component analysis (PCA) and fuzzy logic were used to generate the change map of the city of Tehran, Iran. Most of the observed changes were in vegetation land use/cover category. The change image generated in this work could be a useful tool to URBAN managers for investigating and monitoring illegal use of land at URBAN areas.

This research modeling of the URBAN ENVIRONMENTal Quality (UEQ) of districts of 3, 6 and 11 of Tehran using an integrated Geographic Information System and remote sensing approach. The identified indicators in this study contain both natural and artificial aspects in order to model the quality of URBAN ENVIRONMENTs. The current study aims to develop a method for spatiotemporal modelling of UEQ. For this purpose fuzzy logic method is used. The results show the existence of a fairly regular pattern as an increase in desirability of UEQ from south to north of the area. The seasonal changes of UEQ show the improvement of ENVIRONMENTal condition in spring and summer compared to autumn and winter. Introduction Fast growth of the URBAN population and increasing demands for high living standards, have intensified the pressure on natural resources and made it more difficult to answer every need. Regardless to the fact of the ENVIRONMENTal capacity, population and economy would effect on the fundamental functions of the ENVIRONMENT. So, analysis of the ENVIRONMENTal quality can help us to understand the exact need for natural resources in any URBAN areas along with considering its economy and social development scale. The quality of URBAN ENVIRONMENT is recognized as an indicator for assessing and measuring the degree of suitability in URBAN settlements. It is also a rate for meeting the needs of individuals and society which can be affected by several factors such as air, noise and etc. All these factors would vary by any changes in time and space. Previous studies have mainly focused on spatial changes, but in this paper we decided to consider seasonal changes in addition to spatial ones. Also, we tried to use more complete set of indicators. So, the main purpose of this study is modeling the quality of URBAN ENVIRONMENT based on a set of spatio-temporal factors. Methodology We used satellite imagery and some geospatial data such as NDVI index maps, land surface temperature, Land Surface moisture, Land Surface Albedo, Solar radiation, air pollution, URBAN Heat Island, Building height, population density, Enhanced Built-Up and Bareness Index and also noise pollution. Landsat 8 (OLI) is used to calculate NDVI indices, land surface temperature, land surface moisture, Land Surface Albedo, URBAN Heat Island, and Enhanced Built-Up and Bareness Index. A digital elevation model (DEM) used to extract solar radiation. Finally, we used based location field data to enhance Air pollution, Building height, population density and noise pollution. Because of the uncertain nature of quality measurements, we used Fuzzy logical approach to model the quality of URBAN ENVIRONMENTs. One of the most important fuzzy operators for overlapping indices is the GAMMA. Gamma operator is the general mode of multiplication and addition. In other words, the gamma fuzzy function is the product of the algebraic multiplication of two functions of collect and multiply fuzzy. This function is the result of the compatibility between the incremental effect of the fuzzy sum function and the decreasing effect of the fuzzy multiplication function. Therefore, districts of 3, 6 and 11 of Tehran municipality have been selected to be measured for the quality of URBAN ENVIRONMENT in Tehran along with northern-southern line. Results and discussion The results show a northern-southern trend in the quality of URBAN ENVIRONMENT which is reducing from north to south. The ENVIRONMENTal quality conditions of the three defined URBAN areas are categorized into five classes, moderate, ‘ very good’ , ‘ good’ , ‘ very low’ and ‘ low’ . As the results show, region number three has a better ENVIRONMENTal condition than the regions of six and eleven. We can also realize that the most of the selected indicators have shown seasonal changes within a year in our study area. This is due to the existance of more parks and less air pollution in the northern regions. Also, time intervals show a better quality situation in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. To investigate seasonal changes, the total area of each class was compared in a different season and the URBAN ENVIRONMENTal qualities were devised into five categories: very good, good, medium, low and very low. In the spring, a large partial of the region has a modest and good quality, and a small part of it has a very good situation. In the summer, most of the area has a middle class situation and a small part with a very low level, which indicates the region's good status on this season. In the fall, we have maximum of the area with the lowest quality and the minimum of it with a very good level that indicates the worst condition for the URBAN ENVIRONMENTal quality. In the winter, the situation is a little better. most parts of the area are in middle levels and small parts of it is in the lowest class. therefore, the quality of URBAN ENVIRONMENTs changes dramatically within a year. At the next step, we studied the Pearson correlation coefficient of indicators and the results showed that the greenness is the most effective indicator of quality in URBAN ENVIRONMENTs. One-At-A-Time (OAT) Sensitivity Analysis were used to analyze the sensitivity of the model. Results show that the effect of 30% increasement on all inputs is between 2% and 17%. By considering the fact that all the changes in model outcome is less than the total percentage of input change (30% increase) for all the variables, it can be concluded that the results of the gamma fuzzy model are reliable and not affected by one or more specific variables. Conclusion According to an extensive review of the literature, this study selects a wide range of factors in both natural and artificial ENVIRONMENTs to assess the URBAN ENVIRONMENTal quality (UEQ) of Tehran. It is hoped that this study provides a useful basis for a more researches in the field of UEQ, combining both natural and built-up parts of URBAN zones. Further work will focus on validation and verification of the UEQ indices.