This workshop features, (Live) demonstration of sonographic technique of the UPPER EXTREMITY joints; patient positioning; transducer choices, operationandpositiononthe anatomic landmarks; optimal evaluation of the anatomic structures in shoulder, elbow and wrist; hopefully on Thursday or Friday.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate distal UPPER EXTREMITY musculoskeletal disorders among industrial workers.Material and Methods: A sample of 210 male subjects including 50 controls working at administrative settings and 160 subjects working as smashers, welders and drillers in Saypa Industrial Factory were selected forthe present study. An integrated approach consisting of multiple observations and interviews, completing Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and implementing SI model was accepted for evaluation of all subjects participated in this study. Independent and Paired t tests, One Way ANOVA and TOKEY POSTHOC tests were used for statistical analysis of raw data using SPSS software version 17 (α£0.05).Results: Study results revealed that the most prevalent MSDs in UPPER limbs were found in welding, smashing and drilling respectively. There are significant differences between the mean scores of calculated Strain Indices obtained from administrative (1.7), welding (5.6), smashing (7.2) and drilling (8.1) jobs. These scores were respectively labeled as "safe risk level" (risk level 1), "uncertain risk level" (risk level 2) and as "hazardous jobs" (risk level 4).Conclusion: Based on study results, we concluded that workers dealing with works that involves drilling stresses were more susceptible for musculoskeletal disorders.

Psychosomatic disorders may occasionally present in the UPPER EXTREMITY and their diagnosis and treatment may prove to be extremely difficult. Herein, we describe one such patient and review the literature on this subject.

Almost 4% of all patients with venous thrombosis have UPPER EXTREMITY deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) and the incidence of UEDVT increases over time. The frequency of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) after UEDVT is not low and UPPER EXTREMITY PTS is a potentially major morbidity that adversely affects quality of life, particularly if the dominant arm is involved. We discuss briefly the role of thrombolytic therapy in the treatment of UPPER EXTREMITY deep vein thrombosis and also the role of systemic thrombolysis in selected patients.

Background & Aims: The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the association between UPPER-EXTREMITY musculoskeletal disorders and UPPER cross syndrome (UCS) among teachers as well as the effects of NASM exercises and ergonomic intervention on their UPPER-EXTREMITY musculoskeletal disorders. Materials & Methods: The Nordic Questionnaire was used for determining the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and the New York Test was used for determining the prevalence of UCS among 269 teachers. Among those tested, 23 participants were identified as the sample of the study, and then they were divided into an experimental group (12 participants, age 45. 20 ± 8. 1 years, height 178. 83 ± 6. 5 cm, and weight 78. 3 ± 13. 08 kg) and a control group (11 participants, age 44. 1 ± 7. 8 years, height 175. 83 ± 7 cm, and weight 77. 9 ± 13 kg) to go through 12 weeks of NASM exercises along with ergonomic intervention. In this study, chi-square and Wilcoxon tests were used. Results: The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders for neck was 53%, for shoulders was 41%, for back was 39%, and the prevalence rate of UCS was 43%. The results of the test showed a significant relationship between UPPER-EXTREMITY musculoskeletal disorders and the UCS (p < 0. 05). Moreover, the intragroup and intergroup results of the participants showed a significant decrease in musculoskeletal disorders of the neck, shoulders, and back after administering the interventions (p < 0. 05). Conclusions: The findings of the study showed that NASM exercises and ergonomic intervention (as an intervention-exercise protocol) decrease UPPER-EXTREMITY musculoskeletal disorders among teachers.