The highly oriented light-emitting films of polyfluorene-based conjugated polymers blended with ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (U-PE) are prepared by using a tensile deformation technique. The high dichroic ratios of blue light (58 in photoluminescence (PL)) from the poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO)/U-PE blending film and of green light (36 in PL) from the poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) containing one fluorenone unit (PFF)/PFO/U-PE blending film are obtained. In the PFO/U-PE blending film, the variation of the photophysical properties of the blending films with the drawing ratio is discussed in detail which suggests that the conjugated polymer chains are forced to a highly dispersed and oriented condition in the oriented PE matrix. The green band (g-band) of the blending film containing PFF is also studied and found in such a highly oriented condition, and a set of new evidence was obtained demonstrating the keto-defect origin of g-band.

One of the derivatives of the inheritance discussion is the subject of COMPLIANCE or non-COMPLIANCE of option inheritance with property inheritance. When some of the heirs are deprived of the property itself, the question arises as to whether or not those persons will also be deprived of the right of option belonging to that property. To answer this question, various opinions have been expressed by jurisprudents. The disagreement is rooted in the concept of option. In this paper, by adopting nullificatory conception of option and illustrating option right’s independence of property and accepting its relationship with contract, the famous theory of the jurisprudents concerning non-COMPLIANCE of property inheritance with option inheritance is consolidated. This analysis is meant to apply the silence and general acceptance of the civil law to the famous theory. Data were collected through library method and analyzed using descriptive-analytical method.

Tax revenue is the most important resource of governments to fund state's current expenditures with the least undesirable economic effects. Therefore, tax administration as a collector authority should increase tax revenue by promoting taxpayers to pay their tax obligations voluntarily according to the law. Today self assessment and voluntary COMPLIANCE are the most popular approach to collect the taxes effectively. This paper by the use of Jenkins and Forlemu findings provides an overview of the subject of effective factors on tax COMPLIANCE and core elements of taxpayer service approach. At the same time, it has attempted to emphasize on close connection between voluntary COMPLIANCE, taxpayer services and implementation of information technology products. So the paper provides a conceptual framework of voluntary COMPLIANCE, typology of COMPLIANCE models and service-oriented approach by using information systems. Finally it contains a discussion of the key elements of Jenkins and Forlemu's taxpayer service approach.

The effects of lower bainite volume fraction on tensile and impact properties of D6AC ultrahigh strength steel were studied in the current work. To obtain mixed microstructures containing martensite and different volume fractions of the lower bainite, specimens were austenitized at 910oC, then quenched in a salt bath of 330oC for different holding times, finally quenched in oil. In order to obtain fully martensitic and bainitic microstructures, direct oil quenching and isothermal transformation heat treatment for 24 hours were used respectively. All specimens were double tempered at 200oC for 2 hours per tempered. Microstructures were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopes. Fracture morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that both yield and ultimate tensile strength generally decreased with an increase in volume fraction of lower bainite. However, a few exceptions were observed in the mixed microstructures containing 12% lower bainite, showing a higher strength than the fully martensitic microstructure. This can be explained on the basis of two factors. The first is an increase in the strength of martensite due to the partitioning of the prior austenite grains by lower bainite resulting in the refinement of martensite substructures. The second is a plastic constraint effect leading to an enhanced strength of lower bainite by the surrounding relatively rigid martensite. Charpy V-notch impact energy and ductility is improved with increasing the volume fraction of lower bainite.