In this paper, an automatic method in converting a dependency parse Tree into its equivalent phrase structure one is introduced for the Persian language. In the first step, a rule-based algorithm is designed. Then, Persian specific dependency-to-phrase structure conversion rules merge to the algorithm. Subsequently, the Persian dependency Treebank with about 30,000 sentences is used as an input for the algorithm and an equivalent phrase structure Treebank is extracted. Finally, the statistical Stanford parser is trained using the resulting Treebank. Experimental results show a F1 of 96.05% for the conversion algorithm and an F1 of 86.01% for Persian factored model parser.

This article presents a realistic analogy, with practical applications, between green Trees and manmade moment frames under similar loading conditions. The paper also introduces a new facet of bioinspiration which attempts to benefit from some of the natural design strategies involved in the structural performance of Trees, rather than utilizing them as raw materials. The paper suggests that bioinspiration can help transfer and improve basic design concepts from Trees to moment frames under seismic as well as gravity loading scenarios. For instance, it has been shown that earthquake resistant systems can best be realized by performing design led analysis rather than investigating analytic results and that structural design should be performance based rather than instruction oriented computations. In other words, it is preferable for earthquake resistant structures to be designed in accordance with observed rather than expected behavior, i.e., desirable response characteristics should be induced rather than investigated. These features constitute the core of the recently developed performance control (PC) methodology that aims at rational design of engineering structures under both service as well as extreme loading conditions. In the interim a number of new design formulae have also been introduced. Two examples have been provided to demonstrate the applications of the conceptual design similarities between green Trees and earthquake resisting moment frames.

This paper introduces a new method for the representation of system's Tree structure and main Tree operations. In this method, each system is viewed as a person who has a parent and several brothers and a unique identifying number. Operations such as adding or removing a sub-Tree and other main operations on Tree structures are represented mathematically. At the end, the proposed method is implemented for the representation of a typical processing system's Tree structure.    

The interpretation of the Tree of Life is made with the symbolism and mythology. This view is included in the book ID (first page of the book). The symbolic form of the Tree of life is similar to the view of religions and rituals. Artists use the Bible texts to illustrate the Tree of life. The ancient pattern of the Tree of life is associated with religious descriptions in monotheistic religions. The important thing is that the Archetype of the Tree of Life has influenced the thoughts and works of different artists from different times and styles and nations. Roger Cook, the author of this book, has been well versed in collecting a coherent set of artwork related to the ancient pattern of the Tree of life and this is a very important and sensible issue. ( In fact, the significance of the issue is the effect of an archetype in a common visual culture among all peoples and nations. The archetype of the Tree of life, described in the religious literature, has been specially imparted in the minds and works of the arts of various artists from the classical and romantic style to the postmodern. It is interesting to conceive of a metaphysical and mystical idea by artists of nations, styles and times. Here are some questions: 1-What is the relation between the Tree in mystical thoughts and the Tree in myth? 2-What steps has the Tree symbol undergone in transforming from myth to art? This article is composed of library and documentary studies in a comparative study of religious literature and artwork of various nations and thus enters the analysis and description of the Tree of life. (Research Methodology).

The most generally reaction-diffusion model on a Cayley Tree with nearest neighbor interaction is introduced and considered through the empty interval and full interval methods in the stationary and dynamics configurations. At first for this model, the evolution equation of the system is produced in closed form. Then evolution of this system is considered by analytical approach and numerical solution with explicit finite differences method. Finally, comparing the results of analytical with numerical approaches is studied.

This study investigates the ability of tax evasion prediction of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) by Decision Tree Algorithms. Statistical population of this study is all companies listed in TSE from 2005 to 2016. Statistical sample includes 1081 year-company. Data was analyzed by One-Way ANOVA and Decision Tree Algorithms. In this regard, research data test was done by using SPSS and Weka softwares. The research results showed that the best performances are respectively as what follows here: Random Forest, REPTree, J48, LMT, Decision Stump, and Random Tree. In addition, the One-Way ANOVA showed that differences in the efficiency of Decision Tree Algorithms are statistically significant.

In this paper, we consider the step fixed-charge transportation problem (FCTP) in which a step fixed cost, sometimes called a setup cost, is incurred if another related variable assumes a nonzero value. In order to solve the problem, two metaheuristic, a spanning Tree-based genetic algorithm (GA) and a spanning Tree-based memetic algorithm (MA), are developed for this NP-hard problem. For comparing GA and MA, twenty eight problems with different specifics have been generated at random and then the quality of the proposed algorithms was evaluated using the relative percentage deviation (RPD) method. Finally, based on RPD method, we investigate the impact of increasing the problem size on the performance of our proposed algorithms.

This research attempted to assess and provide information about biodiversity and distribution of urban Tree species by applying several biodiversity indices, including richness, per area estimates of number of species, Shannon-Wiener, Menhinick, Simpson diversity, Shannon-Wiener evenness indexes, evenness index and Sander’ s rarefaction technique and also analyzing native and exotic species using i-Tree Eco model both at the city scale and land use classes. Forty-eight species identified among the city. It is estimated that Tabriz had 192800 Trees with the 9. 4% Tree cover. There were 3. 6 Trees per hectare. The Shannon-Wiener, Menhinick, Simpson diversity and Shannon-Wiener evenness indexes calculated as 2. 9, 1, 12 and 0. 8 for the whole city, respectively. The green space and agricultural lands had the highest richness. Commercial, transportation and industrial land (CTI) included the most species per hectare. Also, residential areas had the highest value of Shannon-Wiener and Menhinick diversity indexes. The 37. 5% of the species was endemic to Azerbaijan.