Background and Aim: Today, despite objections and agreements, Transgenic food has found its place in the food basket and the cultivated areas of Transgenic products have increased 100 times since 1996 to 2018. However, sometimes in temporary circumstances, the right to food and food security may conflict with the consumers’ right to health and right to choice, and we must look for a solution. This article addresses conflicts of consumer rights as well as the government's role towards citizens using narrated sources and rational arguments after briefly referring to the rights of Transgenic food consumers and outlining the views of proponents and opponents of Transgenic Foods. Materials and Methods: The present study is a review study in which using the keywords food, food security, Transgenic products and health, Persian and English articles and books published and indexed in different citation databases separately and in combination, with no time limit until at the end of 2019, were searched and analyzed after retrieval. Conclusion: Providing food security to citizens is one of the most important tasks of governments and they try to prevent the increase of the hungry population and to maintain the citizens’ health and life by providing available and sufficient food. Proponents know the Transgenic production as one way to achieve food security which improves human health by improving food quality. But opponents emphasize their harmful effects on human health and environment, arguing that they should not be released until their potential risks are carefully assessed. Although some Iranian laws emphasize the protection of health, in practice the necessary information has not been provided about Transgenic Foods, and therefore, in order to protect citizens’ health, governments are required to closely monitor Transgenic Foods and take into account the public interest if there is a conflict.

Producing genetically modified Foods is one of the key roles in addressing the increasing needs for Foods. The development and increasing use of GMFoods, despite its benefits and advantages, causes its own problems and challenges, as well. The exclusive characteristic of these types of products and the human and environment-related effects have made discussion over this issue twice as significant. Among many legal challenges lies the problem of how to determine civil liability’s basis of these products bringing about controversies throughout international instruments and legal systems. Available international instruments regarding this issue include The Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety, which Iran officially joint it in 2003. In addition, Nagoya-Kualalumpur Supplementary Protocol has been enacted on liability and redress of these products. In this paper, in view of the fact that domestic rules have not stipulated anything regarding this issue, it’s been tried to determine the status of the mentioned issue in international instruments as well as obtaining an appropriate basis conforming to Iran’s law. By considering international instruments and different viewpoints in Iran’s law, strict liability seems to be fitting and complying with both Iran’s law and international instruments.

Increasing drought tolerance, especially in rice, which is one of the most important crops in Asia, is necessary. Transcription factors are specific sequence DNA-binding proteins that are capable of activating or suppressing transcription. These proteins regulate gene expression levels by binding to cis regulatory elements in the promoter of target genes to control various biological processes such as growth, cell division and response to environmental stresses. In this study, MAD8 and MYB93 genes that were involved in drought stress in rice were considered in two leaf and anther tissues at 0, 24, 48, 72 h and one week after stopping irrigation. The results of q-PCR analysis showed significant expression changes of these transcription factor genes under drought stress conditions. In this study, a significant increase in the expression of these genes at 24 h after drought stress in Transgenic plants (Promoter region with accession: NC_029264. 1 and GUS gene have transformed) compared to nonTransgenic plants showed a relationship between these transcription factors and higher expression of transported promoter in Transgenic plants.

Xenopus laevis has been widely used for molecular, cellular, and developmental studies. With development of the sperm-mediated Transgenic method, it is now possible to study the gene function during vertebrate development by using this popular model. On the other hand, maintenance of Transgenic lines is both expensive and labor-intensive, as for other animal species. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using sperm cryopreservation as a means of preserving the Transgenic frog lines. We demonstrated that cryopreserved sperms are viable but not fertilizing under in vitro fertilization conditions. However, by microinjecting the nuclei from cryopreserved sperms, we could successfully regenerate the Transgenic line carrying a double promoter transgene construct. One promoter drove the marker gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP), and the second, the heat shock-inducible promoter, drove the expression of GFP fused to matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-3 (ST3-GFP). We demonstrated the functional transmission of the ST3-GFP transgene by analyzing the phenotype of the F1 animals after heat-shock induction of the transgene expression. Our method thus provides an inexpensive means to preserve Transgenic frog lines and a convenient way for distributing the Transgenic lines for studies. Furthermore, easy microinjection of nuclei compared to the technically demanding transgenesis procedure with variable outcomes can encourage more laboratories to use Transgenic Xenopus laevis for functional studies in vivo.