From the aerial parts of Satureja macrantha C. A. Mey, one monoterpene (1), two triTerpenoids (2,3) and one sesquiterpene (4) were isolated. Their structures were determined to be thymol (1), oleanolic acid (2), ursolic acid (3) and caryophyllene oxide (4), by using 1H and 13C-NMR, FTIR and EIMS spectra. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity effects of the crude extracts and isolated compounds were examined. Among them compounds 1 (612 mo,M), 2 (17 mo,M) and 3 (29 mo,M) were effective against Artemia salina larva.

Purpose: Marrubium crassidens, a plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, was studied for its volatile components present in the aerial parts of the plant during the flowering stage.Methods: The essential oil of the plant obtained through hydrodistillation of the dried plant material was assessed for its chemical composition by GC/MS and GC-FID analyses.Results: Twenty-five compounds were identified, which constituted 94.3% of the total oil composition. The major components were identified as, m-tolualdehyde (23.3%), acetophenone (15.8%), nonacosane (13.1%), docosane (7.2%), o-tolualdehyde (4.1%), b-caryophyllene (3.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.4%). Non-Terpenoids with 75.7% were the most abundant components of the essential oil.Conclusion: Overall, M. crassidens essential oil revealed to include rather higher proportions of non-terpenoid compounds compared with other species of genus Marrubium.

Plants synthesize a myriad of isoprenoid products that are required both for essential constitutive processes and for adaptive responses to the environment. These compounds were synthesized from two pathways the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) and the cytosolic mevalonic acid (MVA). In this study, we investigated the effect of ethrel as one inducer of plant defence responses (against biotic and abiotic environmental stress) and mevinolin as oneinhibitor of MVA pathway on chlorophyll, carotenoids, α-tocopherol, pyrovate and basic cannabinoids (tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol) content in Cannabis sativa at vegetative stage. Treatment of plants with 10 mM mevinolin or 10 mM ethrel increased chlorophyll a and b than other treatments and control plants. The most carotenoid content observed in plants treated with 0.1 mM mevinolin. Some of contemporary treatments of mevinolin and ethrel also increased carotenoid content in treated plants. Concentrations of 1 and 10 mM ethrel or mevinolin increased α-tocopherol content in comparison to control plants. The most content of α-tocopherol observed in contemporary treatment of 0.1 mM ethrel and mevinolin. None treatment (ethrel, mevinolin and ethrel-mevinolin) incresead tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis plants. All concentrations of utilized mevinolin increased cannabidiol content but ethrel and ethrel-mevinolin treatments decreased cannabidiol content than control plants. Special pattern in pyrovate content chenges was not observed in mevinolin, ethrel and contemporary treatments. Based on our results, enhancement effects of mevinolin and ethrel synchronic treatments in increasing of plastidic Terpenoids content were observed in chlorophyll and α-tocopherol content.

In this study, we investigated the effects of jasmonate on plastidial Terpenoids on Cannabis sativa at vegetative stage. We used jasmonate solutions with 0, 1, 5, 10 and 100 mM concentrations for treating plants. Plant treated with Jasmonate showed an increase in chlorophyll a content in comparison with the control plants. However, chlorophyll b content was increased only in 5 mM jasmonate treatment. Also, carotenoid content increased in all treated plants but there was no significant difference between various concentrations of jasmonate. The amount of a-tocopherol was enhanced in plants treated with 10 and 100 mM jasmonate. Treatment with 1 and 5 mM jasmonate caused a considerable increase in tetrahydrocannabinol. 5 mM jasmonate solution was more effective in this regards. Cannabidiol content was decreased in all plants treated with jasmonate. These results showed that jasmonate triggered the accumulation of primary and secondary isoprenoids in chloroplasts.