In the present paper laminar flow forced convective heat transfer of CuO/water nanofluid in a TRIANGULAR DUCT under constant wall temperature condition is investigated numerically. Sometimes, because of pressure drop limitations the need for noncircular DUCTs arises in many heat transfer applications. We used nanofluid instead of pure fluid because of its potential to increase heat transfer of system. In this paper, the effect of parameters such as nanoparticles diameter, nanoparticles concentration, type of nanoparticles and heat transfer comparison between nanofluid and pure fluid is studied. Comparison of convective heat transfer of nanofluid in isosceles TRIANGULAR DUCTs with various apex angles is also presented. In this study, for the presence of nanoparticles, the dispersion model and for solving differential equations, the finite difference method is used. Numerical results indicate an enhancement of heat transfer of fluid with changing to the suspension of nanometer-sized particles in the TRIANGULAR DUCT. Results also defined that equilateral TRIANGULAR DUCT has a maximum heat transfer in comparison with other types of isosceles TRIANGULAR DUCT.

In this paper, some elementary operations on TRIANGULAR fuzzy numbers (TFNs) are defined. We also define some operations on TRIANGULAR fuzzy matrices (TFMs) such as trace and TRIANGULAR fuzzy determinant (TFD). Using elementary operations, some important properties of TFMs are presented. The concept of adjoints on TFM is discussed and some of their properties are. Some special types of TFMs (e.g. pure and fuzzy TRIANGULAR, symmetric, pure and fuzzy skew-symmetric, singular, semi-singular, constant) are defined and a number of properties of these TFMs are presented.

In this study, new methods to construct TRIANGULAR norms and TRIANGULAR conorms on appropriate bounded lattices are introduced. Some illustrative examples are given for clarity. Also, the relation between introduced methods and some other approaches is investigated. Finally, it is shown that the introduced construction methods can be generalized by inDUCTion to a modified ordinal sum for TRIANGULAR norms and TRIANGULAR conorms on appropriate bounded lattices. And some illustrative examples are given.

Ejaculatory DUCT obstruction (EDO) underlies 1-5% of male infertility, although the diagnosis of EDO can be complex, treatment is well established and can be very effective.Part of reason that this condition probably is underdiagnosed, is because of its rarity, subtle presentation and the concomitantly low index of suspicion held by physicians.The causes of EDO are divided into congenital and acquired disorders. Clinically, EDO classically presents as hematospermia, painful ejaculation, or infertility.In the past decade, trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) has replaced vasography as the main stay of diagnosis. Several adjunctive techniques now have been described for diagnosis of EDO, including seminal vesicle aspiration, seminal vesiculography, vesicle chromotubation.The time- tested treatment for EDO is resection of the ejaculatory DUCTs (TUR-ED), which is performed in an outpatient setting, and the technique combines cystourethroscopy with resection of the verumontanum in the midline.Complications from TUR-ED occur in 10-20% of the cases, and include watery ejaculate, hematuria, epididimitis, seminal vasculitis and low risk of incontinence or rectal perforation.

Background and Objective: Normal sexual differentiation occurs in the 6th embryonic week and in a normal embryonic life. Both wolffian and mullerian DUCTs are present until the onset of sexual differentiation. Normal sexual differentiation is directed by the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (SRY). Secretion of mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) by sertoli cells results in regression of the mullerian DUCT in males. Any disruption of orderly steps in sexual differentiation may be reflected clinically as variants of the intersexes syndromes. One of the rarest forms of these syndromes is Persistent Mullerian DUCT Syndrome (PMDS). This syndrome is caused by lack of regression and development of mullerian system and formation of female genital tract including uterus, fallopian tubes and two thirds of upper part of vaginal in male. While bilateral cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia and infertility are usually associated with this syndrome, external genital organs are normal. The diagnosis is usually made in the first years of life. Case Report: The presented case, a 71-year-old man, admitted to the surgical ward of Ali-ebn-Abitalib Hospital in Rafsanjan was diagnosed with a large right inguinal hernia. Physical examination of external genital tract was normal. The findings at operation were as follows: the uterus was attached to spermatic cord in the internal ring. Hysterectomy was done. Orchiectomy was also performed due to severe adhesion of the uterus to spermatic cord and rupture of the spermatic vessels. Pathologic examination of the resected tissues confirmed the diagnosis of PMDS.Conclusion: This syndrome is typically diagnosed by cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia during early years of life. Infertility is also a common finding in this syndrome. Although, there are a number of diagnostic procedures including sonography for detection of PMDS, this syndrome is almost recognised through operations casual. Rarity of PMDS and also unusual findings regarding this case including old age, the absence of infertility and cryptorchidism were the reasons for reporting this case.

In this paper, the hydraulic characteristics of a sharp crested TRIANGULAR side weir have been experimentally studied. It was found that the DeMarchi coefficient of discharge for a sharp crested TRIANGULAR side weir in subcritical flow is related to the main channel Froude number, the apex angle of weir and ratio of weir height to upstream depth of flow. Suitable equations for discharge coefficient are also obtained.

Interpretation of MR imaging of the wrist may be difficult because of the small size of this joint, its complex anatomy, and its sometimes poorly understood pathologic lesions. A recent study revealed that MR imaging of the wrist influences clinicians' diagnoses and management plans in most patients. Which structures make up the TRIANGULAR fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) are not universally agreed upon. In most descriptions, however, the TFCC is composed of the TRIANGULAR fibrocartilage (TFC), the meniscus homolog, the ulnar collateral ligament, the dorsal and volar radioulnar ligaments and the sheath of the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon. The ulnolunate and ulnotriquetral ligaments may also be considered as part of the TFCC. These structures are a complex unit that function as a stabilizing element in the pivot movement of the radius and ulna and limit the lateral deviation of the carpus. The distal radioulnar joint is primarily stabilized by the TFCC. The TFC functions as a cushion between the ulnar head and carpal bones. Many of the structures that make up the complex are connected by fibrous bands. This presentation summarizes the current diagnostic criteria that can be useful in interpreting abnormalities of the TRIANGULAR fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) of the wrist in this difficult topic in joint MR imaging.

A watching system in a graph G=(V, E) is a set W={w1, w2, …,wk}, where wi=(vi, Zi); viÎ V and Zi is a subset of closed neighborhood of vi such that the sets LW(v) ={wi: vÎZi} are non-empty and distinct, for any v ÎV. In this paper, we study the watching systems of line graph Kn which is called TRIANGULAR graph and denoted by T (n). The minimum size of a watching system of G is denoted by w (G). We show that w (T(n))= [2n/3].

We survey some recent results on cocharacters of upper TRIANGULAR matrices. In particular, we deal both with ordinary and graded cocharacter sequence; we list the principal combinatorial results; we show different techniques in order to solve similar problems.

Nanofluids are stable suspensions of nanoparticles in conventional heat transfer fluids (base fluids) that exhibit better thermal characteristics compared to those of the base fluids. It is important to clarify various aspects of nanofluids behavior. In order to identify the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of nanofluids flowing through non-circular DUCTs, in the present study the laminar flow forced convective heat transfer of Al2O3/water nanofluid thorough channels with isosceles triangle cross section with constant wall heat flux was studied numerically. The effects of nanoparticle concentration, nanofluid flow rate and geometry of channels on the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior of nanofluids were studied. The single-phase model was used in simulations under steady state conditions. Results reveal that the local and average heat transfer coefficients of nanofluids are greater than those of the base fluid. Heat transfer coefficient enhancement of nanofluids increases with increase in nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number. The local heat transfer coefficient of the base fluid and that of the nanofluids decrease with the axial distance from the channel inlet. Results also indicate that an increase in the apex angle of the channel, decreases the Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient. The wall friction coefficient decreases with increasing axial distance from the channel inlet and approaches a constant value in the developed region. Friction coefficient and pressure drop decrease by increasing the apex angle of the channels.