Zirconia based THERMAL barrier coatings (TBCs) are extensively used in gas turbines engines to protect and provide THERMAL INSULATION for hot-section metal components. Consequently, the key parameter of these coatings is low THERMAL conductivity. The present paper deals with evaluation of effect of the microstructure and stabilizer type on zirconia based TBCs THERMAL INSULATION capability. For this scope, three type of coatings including conventional yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), conventional ceria and yttria stabilized zirconia (CYSZ) and nanostructured yttria stabilized zirconia have been prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) on NiCoCrAlY-coated Inconel 738 substrates. Microstructural evaluation and phase analysis were performed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) respectively. Results revealed that with employing of ceria stabilizer and fabrication of nano-structure in coating, the THERMAL INSULATION capability of zirconia based TBCs were enhanced.

The loss of energy, especially in industrial and residential buildings is one of the main reasons of increased energy consumption. Improving the THERMAL INSULATION properties of materials is a fundamental method for reducing the energy losses. Polymeric foams are introduced as materials with excellent THERMAL INSULATION properties for this purpose. In the present study, a deep theoretical investigation is performed on the overall THERMAL conductivity of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) foams. The THERMAL conductivity by radiation is predicted using two different methods. The most appropriate model is selected through comparing results with experimental data. The results show that the theoretical model has an appropriate agreement with the experimental results. The effects of foam characteristics including foam density, cell size, and cell wall thickness on the overall THERMAL conductivity are investigated. The results indicate that by decreasing the cell size and increasing the cell wall thickness, the overall THERMAL conductivity is decreased significantly. Also, there is an optimum foam density in order to achieve the smallest THERMAL conductivity. The lowest overall THERMAL conductivity achieved in the studied range is 30 mW/ mK at a foam density of 37. 5 kg. m-3, cell size of 100 μ m, and cell wall thickness of 6 μ m.

In order to reduce the energy consumption in buildings and reduction of THERMAL losses, it is necessary to use THERMAL INSULATION in .building envelopes. Thickness of THERMAL INSULATION and its position in the building envelope are important, because they vary in different climates.In this study the above-mentioned parameters are investigated for three different cities in Iran.Including: Tehran with moderate climate, Tabrii with cold climate and Ahvaz with hot climate. The Opaque software was used for calculating annual THERMAL building loads.Based on the obtained results, in Tehran city, insertion of 5 to 7.5 cm INSULATION as two slice in wall envelope have greatest reduction in yearly THERMAL loads. Also, in Tabriz city insertion of 5 to 7.5 cm INSULATION as a whole (1 piece) in internal layer of wall have greatest reduction in yearly THERMAL loads, in Ahvaz city insertion of 5 to 7.5 cm INSULATION as a whole (1 piece) in external layer of wall have greatest reduction in yearly THERMAL loads.

In recent decades, the destructive effects of excessive consumption of non-renewable fuels and lack of attention to the concept of sustainability have caused significant damage to the environment. Eliminating natural resources and making destructive climate change is a direct impact of human effort on achieving modernity, an endeavor which has a positive purpose but destructive manner. The problems created, including rising ground temperatures and many of the problems raised, have attracted the attention of the people of all countries. According to reliable reports of research centers, about 40% of energy consumed by human is consumed in the building sector, so attention to the building sector is very important. From the principles of sustainable architecture are optimum energy consumption and reduced THERMAL losses and the use of renewable energy. Today, modern technologies of the word "intelligence" is very important. In fact, it could be argued, that in the near future an important part of modern technologies, will be related to intelligence. These changes will happen in the building industry and even today it is visible start. The purpose of this study was the comparison check of the THERMAL conductivity coefficient of a particular type of an external wall with smart Aerogel INSULATION compared with the THERMAL conductivity coefficient of the same type of wall but without INSULATION. In the studies, a similar sample of this case was not observed, this research is innovation and unique. Two test chambers one to test and the other to control were constructed for the purpose of the research. The southern walls of the two test chambers (the main wall) were designed to make changes to independent variables. The purpose of the research is to use smart Aerogel in external building covers, and because of the intelligence or controllability has not yet been made, the intelligence function is performed by simulation ( the function of the smart Aerogel is simulated by hand) and its results will be investigated. The external wall with smart Aerogel INSULATION (intelligence is manually applied) is the main program of this experimental and innovative research and the results of the tests were compared to the control chamber, which was completely similar and just without INSULATION. The first reason for the use of the Aerogel INSULATION was due to the excellent INSULATION properties of the material (the Aerogel is the best INSULATION in the world which has been ever discovered), and the second reason was because of according to the some research institutes in the science of materials (Department of Chemistry in the University of Tehran) the possibility of making smart Aerogel INSULATION is possible which they response to environmental stimuli. . The results of this study proved the positive effect of the external wall with two layers of the smart Aerogel INSULATION compare to the same type of wall but without INSULATION and The research showed that the test chamber with the smart Aerogel INSULATION, considering all test conditions compared to the same control chamber without INSULATION Transmits more than 28. 8 ± 0. 9 KJ into the test chamber during the 24 hours.

The amount of energy consumption in a building is affected not only by the components' performance, but also by the building envelope components' installation method. The negligence of the good practice methodology can have a huge impact on the THERMAL bridges, increasing the average THERMAL transmittance up to 40%.In this paper, the THERMAL performance corresponding to different positions of the fixed frame, without sub-frame and with different sub-frame materials including wood and steel for double-glazed windows has been analyzed. Besides, in these cases, different configurations of THERMAL INSULATION have been considered. The evaluation of THERMAL bridges due to different models in a sample wall, insulated externally, has been carried out using THERM program. The linear heat transfer coefficient has been calculated for each model and the impact of each parameter on the THERMAL performance has been evaluated. The results show that the position of the frame. the sub-frame material and the con figuration of the THERMAL INSULATION around the window frame affects considerably the THERMAL performance.

In harsh climates, utilizing THERMAL INSULATION in the building envelope can substantially reduce the building THERMAL load and consequently its energy consumption. The performance of the THERMAL INSULATION material is mainly determined by its effective THERMAL conductivity, which is dependent on the material’s density, porosity, moisture content, and mean temperature difference. The effective THERMAL conductivity of INSULATION materials increases with increasing temperature and moisture content. Hence, THERMAL losses may become higher than the design values. The availability of measured data of the THERMAL conductivity of INSULATIONs at higher temperatures and at elevated moisture contents is poor. In this article the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is utilized in order to predict the effective THERMAL conductivity of expanded polystyrene with specific temperature and moisture content. The experimental data was used for training and testing ANN. Obtained results from the ANN method give a good agreement with experimental data.

This paper describes the behavior of ReMica material Relanex during accelerated THERMAL stress. Samples were stressed at temperature 186oC. Polarization processes were observed due to direct voltage application. Absorption curves were measured and the isoTHERMAL relaxation current analysis was realized. Also capacitance and loss factor development was monitored.

The role of the nozzle in stability and guidance is very basic and the type of nozzle design has a great impact on the performance of the missile. In the present study, in order to create stability and easier control of the missile and to use the space created to add subsystems, it is intended to add blast tube and THERMAL INSULATION and calculate its thickness. For this purpose, a sample nozzle of the existing solid fuel rocket has been considered to add a blast tube and has been numerically analyzed. Then, two new designs of nozzles with and without using blast tube are presented and Using the existing relations analytically, the thickness of the insulators in each case is calculated and The simulation is based on it. Finally, a transient two-dimensional heat transfer analysis was performed in cylindrical coordinates for points inside the nozzle shell (behind the liner and INSULATION). The results show that increasing the thickness of INSULATION to a certain extent reduces the temperature of the nozzle shell. In the convergent-divergent nozzle designed with blast tube, this value is 0. 11 in the convergent part, 0. 07 in the blast tube, 0. 068 in the throat and 0. 11 in the divergent part. The results also show that unlike the convergent part of the nozzle, in the throat, blast and divergent parts, after passing the effective INSULATION thickness, the passage of time no longer has a significant effect on the nozzle shell temperature.