Background and Aim: Consumption of THE epidermis (COE) is defined as thinning of THE epidermis with attenuation of THE basal and suprabasal layers and loss of rete ridges in areas of direct contact with malignant melanocytes. THE aim of this study was to investigate THE importance of COE as an additional diagnostic criterion for malignant melanoma and to evaluate its relationship to clinicopathological findings.Methodes: THE age, gender, localization of THE lesion and THE histopathological parameters such as tumor type, Breslow thickness, ulceration, and Clark’s level were recoeded in 90 malignant melanoma cases.Results: In contrast to oTHEr studies, we found that COE was more common in tumors with an acral localization and in THE acral lentiginous melanoma.Conclusion: Although COE can be used as a pathological criterion in THE diagnosis of malignant melanoma, but no correlation no of COE with ulceration and oTHEr prognostic factors were found.

Nietzsche, as one of THE most popular philosophers and elite thinkers that formed modern thought, has been studied from many dimensions. THEre are many books about him, and many scholars are still doing research on his life, works and thoughts. THE plurality of THE works and THE differences in THE representation of Nietzsche's image has led to doubt and confusion in THE determination of Nietzsche's position and understanding of his thought. THE present study aims at introducing and evaluating a major, recent and important work in Nietzsche field, called “ THE Oxford Handbook of Nietzsche” . This scientific and standard work has thirty-two essays from world renowned scholars. Essays have been organized in six discrete sections such as biography, historical relations, principal works and fundamental issues such as values, epistemology and metaphysics, and developments of will to power. THEse essays contain striking and precise points that can influence on our understanding of Nietzsche's philosophy and provide us with a broad knowledge of THE main elements of his philosophy, such as superman, will to power and ETERNAL recurrence. THErefore this paper, after an overview of THE book and description of its general features, summarizes THE content of each essay to arouse THE audience’ s interest for pursuing of a thorough study.

THE Art of Islamic Banking and Finance narrates THE author’ s (Yahia Abdul-Rahman) achievement in constituting an interest-free bank in THE U. S. A. As a matter of fact, he explores banking and finance laws and regularities in THE U. S as well as THE Islamic banking system in THE world. THE remarkable difference between THEse two kinds of banking systems is that THE former is based on THE monetary market and THE latter on THE real economy. In THE Islamic banking system, THE rent expense of a commodity to be financed is measured based on rules known as “ commodity indexation” and “ marking to market” . Moreover, in such a system, THE interest rate of THE ordinary banking system is substituted with THE rent expense of a commodity. Thus, rent expenses are not fixed like interest rates. THE prominent characteristic of an Islamic banking system is not only its interest-free feature but also its civility and social responsibility. THE main pitfalls of THE book include a lack of comprehensive discussion and a lack of reporting THE Islamic banking systems of oTHEr Muslim countries. Besides, no thorough analysis of banking system experiences has been done and has not paid attention to THE critique of THE Iranian banking system.

Studies in Iconology, Humanistic THEmes in THE Art of THE Renaissance by Erwin Panofsky clarifies THE function of THE Iconology method in interpreting artworks. THE goal of this critic is to express THE significance of interdisciplinary studies and also is a survey in how methodically organized studies is used in analyzing artworks. Thus this study criticizes and studies THE form and contents in THE book and also author’ s opinions about analyzing and referring to THE sources according to Iconology method. In its form, THE book looks into THE basic relations between THE form and subject in analyzing art forms and shows analyzing and interpreting artworks according to THEir historical context in which THEy originated and THE multiplicity of visual and textual sources which refers to THE artworks. By THE way, in some cases missing references are seen and THE order in using THEm in THE text is not also correct and reliable references are needed, especially sources of Islamic philosophy which have caused some limitations in using THE book in some related conditions. Despite THEse problems, researchers can go furTHEr than a mere Formal study by using interdisciplinary and in order to make an understanding about Symbolic Meaning and Contents of artworks, THEy can have fruitful research.

It is about a half-century since THE intellectual foundations of THE concept of Islamic art have been dramatically challenged. This new trend has been culminated after THE end of THE colonial era, setting THE stage for THE spread of Islamic thought, THE consequent establishment of Islamic Art museums in THE West, and later, through THE September 11 attacks. Simultaneously, THE museology became a beneficial approach towards THE study of THE arts of Islamic regions through which THE museum plays a crucial role in creating THE knowledge of Islamic Art. Published in 2012, “ Islamic Art and THE Museum; Approaches to Art and Archeology of THE Muslim World in THE Twenty-First Century” was THE first in this area. Using content analysis and taking a muselogical view, THE current study recognizes THE main approaches towards THE representation of Islamic Art in American and European museums. THE results show that although it is a worthwhile source with main challenges included, it can be criticized in terms of its fundamental approach towards THE museum, THE hegemony of historiographical point of view, THE problematic relationship between some articles and titles, and its emphasis on one or two geographical areas.

This article reviews and criticizes THE Generative Lexicon by James Pustejovsky. Generative Lexicon (GL) is a linguistic semantic THEory that proposes a framework for representing lexical knowledge. THE lexical semantic representations as introduced in GL are, in fact, part of THE information stored in THE lexicon. GL is concerned with explaining THE creative use of language. By taking this into account THE structure and multiple representational levels for different types of lexical information, GL provides a new way for creating multiple meanings through a process of combining. This article firstly provides a short introduction about THE book and THEn in THE second part, Generative Lexicon THEory is introduced, and THEn THE structure and content of THE book is mentioned in THE third part. In THE rest of THE paper, THE criticisms and evaluation of THE book are presented in two sub-sections (a) appearance, form, and structure, and (b) evaluation of content. In THE final section of THE paper, THE conclusion and concluding remarks on THE book are presented.

This study describes THE place of polygamy in THE present society based on Quran. Data has been derived from Quran, interpretation, and THE books written by religious science experts. Descriptive and analytical method has been used in this article. THE subject of polygamy has been always investigated from different and contradictory viewpoints of experts. Documentary about polygamy according to Quran, THE principle of moral and legal sociability, some viewpoints related to religious preference, THE approval of polygamy, reverence and also judge's prohibition in non-emergency are not compatible with aforesaid principle. But based on Quran's viewpoint, monogamy is THE principle and it says, in contemporary society, polygamy means social abuse in unnecessary situations. Because of THE need of an appropriate behavior with women in contemporary society, men are never allowed to remarry since it can cause THEir wife’ s suffering. In addition, referring to THE related verse based on limitation and reformation of Arab customs of revelation age is a clear referent of this fact.

Moral anthropology is a newfound field in interdisciplinary studies in moral philosophy and anthropology. ‘ THE Subject of Virtue: An Anthropology of Ethics and Freedom’ by James Laidlaw is one of THE most effective books ever in this area. THE author tries to approximate THE boundaries of anthropology and moral philosophy. He uses notions and THEories from both fields, and it makes THE book to be more than a mere anthropological study. For instance, he draws THE notions of virtue and freedom from moral philosophy and anthropology respectively. As a result, THE book could be regarded as a successful interdisciplinary study, which benefits from both disciplines and at THE SAME time contributed to THEm methodologically. To do so, he uses philosophical resources to support anthropological researches. Laidlaw also wants to facilitate new resources in THE field of moral anthropology, and puts some figures-like Foucault, MacIntyre, and Williams-togeTHEr to improve THE discussion of moral anthropology.

THE objective of this study was to determine THE allowed and desired limits for heavy soils of texture (clay loom), as it has operational capability (friability), THEse limits were 6.34 mm for planting and 10.62 mm for harvesting in each raining or irrigation episode. We determined some factors that affect soil wetness and water content as follow: THE amount and severity of rain, THE condition of soil’s drainage, THE percent of air moisture, evapotranspiration, THE amount of runoff, THE amount and severity of sunlight, THE ambient temperature, THE condition of vegetation and, THE soil texture. THE time needed for dryness and removal of soil moisture as evapotranspiration in each over- desired and allowed capacity rains are 5-7 days. Also, because of higher evaporation in planting time (late April and early May) than in harvesting time (November), and also higher surface temperature in spring, both result in moving THE vapor from deeper layers of soil to surface. THErefore, as our result showed, THE time needed for readiness of soil for machinery operation at time of planting are 5 days for planting (late April and early May) and 7 days for harvesting time (November). According to our calculation, 19.5% of rains at planting time and 7.5% at harvest time changed to run- off; and with taking this amount of run- off in account at allowed- limit calculation, and also because of texture of THE studied soil, THE maximum allowed rain in which THE soil remains in proper condition for machinery planting and harvesting activities exceeded 7.6 and 11.41 mm in each rainy day. As a result, according to limiting factor of well doing of operations and also factors affecting THEse restricting factors, THE number of working days for mechanized planting operation was found to be about 19.69 days and also 21.98 days for harvesting operations in farms with heavy soil with 98% of probability.

THE story of Siavash in Shāhnāmeh is an epic with dramatic and tragic elements. Having mythic roots enables us to analyze it by using new approaches. One of THEse new approaches is Mircea Eliade’s ‘ETERNAL RETURN’ according to which gods have especial characters, THEir origin is uncertain, THEy are killed innocently in youth, THEir death is THE beginning of changes and new developments, and after THEir death mysterious rites are formed concerning THE death THEy had faced. With respect to features of Siavash and THE rites held after his death, as mentioned in THE epic, mythical and historical texts, it seems that he is one of THEse gods and a symbol of process of becoming. His soul is tired of passing time and wants to reborn by RETURNing to ETERNAL time; his believers reach to this ‘ETERNAL RETURN’ by attending in his mourning rituals through which each one become a Siavash.