Many books have been written to illustrate the position of the new technologies in teaching and learning a foreign or second language (L2); nonetheless, most of these books have not been successful. The Handbook of TECHNOLOGY and Second Language Teaching and Learning edited by Caral A. Chapell and Shanon Sauro and published by Wiley Blackwell in 2017, provides a comprehensive overview of the various facets of the use of TECHNOLOGY in teaching and learning an L2. This book has not been translated into Persian and no critical review has been published for it; accordingly, this study sought to both introduce and critically review this book. The current critical review revealed some advantages including comprehensiveness of the whole book, the expertise of the writers, up-to-dateness, content and format integrity, and the use of valid sources. The main criticisms are the exclusion of some of the very recent technologies, perhaps due to the ever-changing and exponentially volatile nature of the technological improvements and expansions, the introduction of too many technologies at the theoretical level without providing information about their practical use. Generally, the book is an invaluable and academically written source for L2 practitioners, postgraduate students, and researchers.

Information is power, but knowledge is more powerful. Information in patents and papers are good source of codified knowledge. Everyday a higher number of businesses make use of information from patents (as a main indicator of TECHNOLOGY) and papers (as a principal indicator of science) to see what products and systems are appearing in our globe. In an era of rapidly expanding digital content, overwhelming data available on the web and the high speed of S&T progress makes it difficult for experts to extract useful knowledge without powerful tools and they need to find new ways of reviewing and managing vast quantities of textual information. "TECHNOLOGY watch" is a collective voluntary process with which the companies work the information in an active manner. Purpose of "TECHNOLOGY watch" is to gather process and integrate the technical information. TW has at least 3 objectives: Facilitating the innovation process, Easy and cost effective access to information and Answering to technological questions and problems. "TECHNOLOGY Watch" maintains awareness at all levels of global S&T through a combination of human-based overt and IT-based approaches for analyzing and tracking the myriad S&T outputs. Powerful IT-based techniques, such as text mining, now exist to identify and extract relevant data from the S&T literature and are especially useful in making sense out of disjointed and disparate data. Regarded by many as the next wave of knowledge discovery, text mining has very high commercial values.

TECHNOLOGY like other human or natural phenomena needs to be reflected upon Philosophically.Teaching TECHNOLOGYis dependent, among other things, on this kind of reflection. Different types of philosophy of TECHNOLOGY should be criticized on the ground that some of them are popularized and shape our minds in practice. In this essay, two kinds of philosophy of TECHNOLOGY are critecizedand a third kind is supported. Accordingto the first one, TECHNOLOGY is considered as natural-neutral in terms of which TECHNOLOGY is valutionally neutral and has one-sided effects on culture. According to the second one, TECHNOLOGY is considered as cultural-cnivaluational in which the instrumental rationality is predominant. Finally, according to the third one, TECHNOLOGY is regarded to be natural-cultural-multivaluational. In this view, other than the instrumental rationlity, moral and cosmological interests are also taken into account. Given the third version, its requirements in teaching TECHNOLOGY is discussed. Accordingly, teaching TECHNOLOGY should not be reduced to teaching. skills. Instead, il requires nOl only an access to the related sciences to TECHNOLOGY, but also to provide social, moral, and cosomological interests in the puplis. In addition, an ahilily for evaluating the consequences of the usage ot TECHNOLOGYshould he provicde in them.

Yazd Science and TECHNOLOGY Park has always sought to improve its systems and structures to create, grow, and survive the TECHNOLOGY-based firms (TBFs) as its main mission. Meanwhile, one of the necessities of the park is to improve the entrance, exit, and help to develop the TECHNOLOGY of TBFs. This necessity has become more important due to the increasing speed of technological changes in the world and the distance between the environment TECHNOLOGY level and TBFs TECHNOLOGY level. In this regard, Yazd Park seeks to investigate the structure of technological change in TBFs to determine its effectiveness and achieve system improvement. Therefore, this paper is designed to understand the dynamics of TECHNOLOGY level changes in TBFs in Yazd Science and TECHNOLOGY Park. The study of this dynamics was carried out using the system dynamics, which simulated the model, showed that TECHNOLOGY monitoring not only does not reduce the TECHNOLOGY gap but also increases it by increasing the exit rate of companies. The model also showed that the presence of strong international communications coupled with TECHNOLOGY monitoring reduces the TECHNOLOGY gap through fundamental innovation.

One of the main components of national innovation system is TECHNOLOGY development. Its transfer as one of the tools of TECHNOLOGY development is not possible especially in advanced ones, considering the competitive climate in the world and the country's present conditions. It can be hopeful, thus, to establish and develop the advanced technologies by transferring TECHNOLOGY management and its correct usage in the national innovation system and utilizing the special methods, instead of management of TECHNOLOGY transfer.In this article, it is trying to introduce the methods, requirements and the results of TECHNOLOGY management transfer with presenting and analyzing a practical pattern. In this respect, the related structural, legal, managerial, capital and business requirements are considered too.

This article elaborates earlier arguments about the practical and intellectual value of soft TECHNOLOGY by showing how the enlightened application of that concept in the field of TECHNOLOGY foresight (or technological forecasting) would improve the effectiveness of the field. It also shows how the evolution of TECHNOLOGY foresight as a profession and academic field has, in its own way, facilitated the development of soft TECHNOLOGY. It also argues that TECHNOLOGY foresight techniques are themselves an example of soft TECHNOLOGY.