Introduction: Basal cell adenoma (BCA) is a rare benign epithelial tumour of the salivary gland majorly involving the parotid gland, and rarely the Submandibular gland. Case Report: We describe a rare case of BCA of the Submandibular gland diagnosed preoperatively using fine needle aspiration cytology in a 60-year-old woman presenting with painless Submandibular swelling. The surgery went uneventfully, and the histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusions: BCA can be accurately diagnosed only through histological observations due to its resemblance to various benign and malignant salivary and non-salivary gland tumours, which are difficult to biopsy.

Introduction: Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma of salivary glands (MASC) is a low-grade carcinoma of salivary glands of the head-neck region. It bears histological resemblance to Secretory Carcinoma of the breast and Acinic Cell Carcinoma (ACC) of the parotid gland. Its clinical behaviour and aggressiveness vary amongst individuals and experience in MASC of the Submandibular gland are limited. Case Report: We report a 16-year-old female with binary neck swelling in the Submandibular region. The hard swelling in the Submandibular region was a MASC and the soft cystic mass was a synchronous congenital lymphatic cyst in the neck. We report two unusual features, an extremely rare involvement of MASC of Submandibular salivary gland and the presence of a congenital lymphatic cyst in the area adjacent to the main tumour mass. Treatment was done by surgical excision of both the neck masses intoto and ipsilateral selective neck dissection (Level I-IV). Conclusions: While MASC's histological pattern has been described in previous studies, its clinical picture is rarely documented. This report aims to shed light on the clinical presentation of this under-diagnosed entity and the aggressive management protocol required during preoperative workup, intraoperative disease clearance and post-operative follow up of such patients. MASC of the Submandibular salivary gland is an uncommon cause of neck swelling in the adolescent age group, but due to its occasional aggressive nature, should be borne in mind as a possible differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumours.

Chronic sialadenitis is a disease of salivary glands associated with chronic infections, systemic diseases and silolithiasis pathogenesis of the disease. Primary tuberculous submandibulitis is not a reported disease. The diagnosis was confirmed when a 45 years old lady suspicious to Submandibular gland tumor was operated on for excisional biopsy. Histological examination of the specimen by expert pathologist ruled out malignancy, granuloma or caseous necrosis. Cultures of discharge and tissue were negative for mycobacterium tuberculosis. The only positive diagnostic modality was Polymerase Chain Reaction for mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, the four drug anti-TB regimen was initiated. After that a surgical fistula was healed and the patient left the hospital on her foot and there was no recurrence at least for one year. The endemic condition of tuberculosis in some populations has increased the rate of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. One of the extra pulmonary sites may be the Submandibular gland.It is recommended to consider tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of Submandibular gland masses especially in populations with endemic tuberculosis.

Introduction: Sialolithiasis is the formation of a calcified obstruction within the salivary duct. It may form in any of the major or minor salivary glands or their ducts. Overall, 80% to 90% of salivary gland stones occur in the Submandibular gland. Sialoliths commonly measure from 5 to 10 mm in size and all stones over 10 mm can be reported as sialoliths of unusual size. In this study, we report a large sialolith presenting without clinical symptoms. Case Reports: The CBCT images of a 52-year-old man who referred for implant treatment evaluation of lower jaw showed a large radiopaque mass in floor of mouth. The patient did not have any history of pain or pus, and this sialolith was not his chief complaint. The sialolith was surgically removed. Conclusion: Some sialoliths, despite their remarkable size, can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the clinician. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment with minimal side effects is very important.

Introduction: Submandibular gland resection is a controversial issue in patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). This study aimed to determine the frequency of Submandibular gland involvement in patients who had undergone elective Submandibular gland resection following oral tongue SCC. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was performed between 2001 and 2017 on patients with oral tongue SCC who had undergone glossectomy in a referral center for otorhinolaryngology surgery, Shiraz, Iran. Results: In this study, 131 patients were included. Their mean age was 59. 84 years (range: 19-86). The mean tumor size was 2. 83 cm (range 0. 3-7). The vast majority (92%) of the patients were at stage III-IVa and had well (55%) to moderate (31%) differentiated tumor. The mean diameter of the Submandibular gland was 3. 87 cm (range: 1. 5-6 cm). There was only one (0. 76%) patient with Submandibular involvement. She was an 80-year-old woman with a T2 well differentiated tumor without cervical lymph node involvement in the neck node dissection. Conclusion: In patients with oral tongue SCC, Submandibular gland involvement is rare and its elective resection in not recommended.

In this research, to define side effects of isoproterenol or isoprenaline (a beta adrenergic drug) on weight and cell structure of cat Submandibular gland, ten female adult cats were used. The animals were divided in two groups, control and treatment. Treatment group received daily intraperitoneal injections of 1.7 mg per animal isoproterenol dissolved in 5 ml of sterile distilled water for 20 days. The control group received 5 ml of sterile distilled water. In the end of the experiment both animal groups were anesthetized with Ketamin and authonized with overdose of Nesdonal. The left and right Submandibular glands were dissected and were selected for histomorphological studies. Chronic treatment of isoprenaline with dosage of 1.7 mg per cat {range of b.w.2-2.5kg) for 20 days revealed remarkable changes on weight and cell structure of Submandibular gland. In the treatment group, the mean weight of Submandibular gland increased from 1388 mg to 1878 mg. It showed 1.35 folds in wet weight as compared to the control group. By statistical analysis using t-test between left and right glands, the weight changes of left Submandibular gland were seen more than the right one and were statistically significant (P<0.05). Histological studies showed hypertrophy of secretory units with detectable of serous demilunes in treatment group.

We reviewed our 15 years experience with tumors of the Submandibular gland to determine factors influences the outcome. The most common benign neoplasm was pleomorphic adenoma (11cases), while among malignant tumors the adenoid cystic carcinoma was predominated (12cases). among patients who had malignant tumors, the 5 year survivals were 61.9% in patients with malignant tumors, histology and size did not affect overall survival factors. the outcome was affectod by extraglandular soft-tissue extension and lymph node metastasis.

OBJECTIVE: Animal experiments have demonstrated that selenium can partly reduce nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity of lead. There is no study about possible interactions between lead and selenium in functioning of salivary glands. This study was designed to explore the possible protective effects of selenium on lead-induced alterations on rat Submandibular gland function. METHODS: Pure Submandibular saliva was collected interiorly by micro polyethylene cannula from anaesthetized rats using pilocarpine as secretagogue. FINDINGS: A Twenty-four day treatment with lead 0.04% and 0.05% as acetate in drinking water altered salivary function. Flow rate was significantly increased by lead (0.04% and 0.05%, p<0.01). The total protein and calcium concentrations of saliva were decreased significantly by either doses of lead (p <0.01). Also both doses of lead decreased the activity of NAG significantly (p<0.01). Selenium alone treatment (2.5 mg/L) in drinking water for 24 days did not induce any significant change in saliva seretory function but treatment with lead and selenium compensated the lead-induced decrease in NAG activity and concentrations of calcium and protein significantly at p<0.01 and raised them to levels close to those in controls. Increased flow rate by lead acetate was also affected by selenium co-treatment and reached that level in control.CONCLUSION: It is concluded that selenium can prevent lead-induced adverse effects on rat Submandibular gland function. Properties of selenium as antioxidative, free radical scavenger and maintenance of cell membrane integrity are possible mechanisms of its protective effects. Further studies about interaction of lead and selenium in salivary glands at molecular level are proposed to explore the exact mechanism of their interaction

Chemical structure and the existing biomolecules in the tissues are directly related to their physiological functions. In accordance to important roles of the saliva in mechanical transfer and the digestion of the food material and its.bacteriocidal and fungicidal properties, the biochemical studies of the salivary glands tissues especially on their enzymes can be useful in their metabolism manifestation in healthy animal and also their pathologic alterations. In the present study the existence of considerable activities of the enzymes: ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and rhodanese in the sublingual and Submandibular gland tissues of the sheep and goat were confirmed and compared. There were: not seen any activities of arginase and amylase in the tissues. The difference between the specific activities- of the enzymes: AST and rhodanese between the two glands in sheep, ALT and LDH and rhodanese between the two glands in goat and rhodanese between Submandibular glands of goat and sheep were significant (p< 0.05). The highest levels of the specific activity of rhodanese are seen in sheep sublingual gland tissue and the highest level of the specific activity of LDH and ALT in sulingual gland tissues of goat.

Introduction: Sialolith known as salivary calculi or salivary stone is a calcified organic mass that obstructs salivary duct and may occur in main or accessory glands or ducts. Most of sialoliths (80-90%) happen in Submandibular gland and size of the sialoliths is usually 5-10 mm. The sialolith is considered as an unusual size in case it is larger than 10-15 mm. The ones with the size of >15 mm in any dimension are regarded as giants and are rare. The aim of this study was to report a giant sialolith presenting with some clinical symptoms. Case report: A 30-year old male patient presented to the oral and maxillofacial diseases department of outpatient clinic, Mashhad Faculty of dentistry with a history of Submandibular swelling and pain in the left. In clinical examination, an exophytic lesion (nodular-like) was observed in the lingual area of lower incisors. The lesion measured 34×18 mm and extended from distal left lower incisor to the midbuccal of left lower second premolar. The lesion texture was hard with a smooth mucosal surface. Cone beam computed tomography revealed a large radiopaque mass in the floor of mouth. The sialolith was surgically removed. Conclusion: Infection of the Submandibular salivary gland might be due to stasis of salivary flow associated with stone formation in saliva gland or duct. In order to rule out the diagnosis of sialolith, the dentist should use bimanual palpation from the posterior area of salivary duct to the anterior part. Proper diagnosis and evaluation result in suitable treatment.