In this paper, a new scheme for serial communication is proposed. In this method, in addition to the pulse states (high and low), either of negative Slope or positive Slope of the pulse (saw-tooth waveform) is employed as a representative for another digit. Using pulse Slope as a representative for a separate digit will result in sending two-bit-digits using a single pulse, which doubles the transfer rate. The proposed scheme can be used in both synchronized and asynchronized communications and can improve communication speed. Through simulating the proposed scheme, it turned out that this method, because of its proper immunity to noise, can be used as a peripheral interface alongside in-chip communication. The main idea in the raised discussion is to obtain four different geometric pulse shapes acting as four different numbers in the quaternary numeric system, in which it can be serialized/desrialized as easy as pulse states. This proposed method and the suggested system for serialization and deserialization of data can be an adequate alternative in high-speed communication approaches.

Two dimensional Slope profile morphometric investigation in a part of the land failure prone Garhwal region of the Lesser Himalaya, Tehri district, U. P., India, indicates that the landslip morphology is closely related to the dominant movement processes active in this terrain. Technique developed for the morphometric analysis of landslips involves the use of five morphometric indices. Each index has been formulated to give an indication of the processes responsible for producing variation on landslip form. The measurements indicated the degree of dilation, flowage, displacement and tenuity. The depth/length ratio is used as a numerical parameter to classify landslips into process groups. Multivariate discriminant function criteria have been worked out to differentiate between various Slope movement processes. The result indicated that among all two dimensional Slope profile morphometric indices, Classification, Dilation and Tenuity indices contribute significantly in discriminating various Slope movement processes. Based on these indices, bivariate and univariate plots have been prepared as discriminant tools to predict various types of Slope movements.

Slope stability analysis is a branch of engineering science where there are great uncertainties. Although these uncertainties have strong effects on predicting process, however in common stability, analysis methods their direct effects are not considered. Probabilistic Slope stability analysis method is a suitable tool for considering uncertainties in design process. First order Taylor series approximation method is the most common probabilistic Slope stability method that is almost verified in all practical cases. In research program Proba_Slope software was written. This software has the ability to do deterministic Slope stability analysis utilizing Bishop's method and probabilistic Slope stability analysis based on above approximation method. The results gained from Proba_Slope were then verified using commercial software.

The Slope Mass Rating (SMR) system is a widely used method by geoengineers and geologists to assess the stability of rock Slopes, such as those found along highways, in mines, or near dams. It helps evaluate the likelihood of Slope failure and identify any necessary measures to prevent rock instabilities. In this study, the SMR classification system was applied to analyze the stability of 10 Slopes in the Azarshahr province, located in northwest Iran. Each Slope underwent a standard geotechnical investigation, including the collection of block samples, which were tested using index rock mechanics methods such as uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), point-load tests, and Schmidt hammer rebound tests. The SMR classification results revealed that the Slopes in Azarshahr range from partially stable to completely stable. Potential failures were linked to the development of joints, wedges, or blocks, with varying levels of risk. Where necessary, occasional support systems were recommended to improve stability. These findings offer important insights into the region's Slope stability and provide guidance for potential mitigation strategies.

The presence of discontinuities, the inherent variability of the rock mass and discontinuity properties, and the uncertainties associated with directions and magnitudes of the in-situstress makes the rock engineering problems challenging. The numerical modeling can assist the ground control engineers in designing and evaluating the stability of the excavations. If extensive geological and geotechnical data are available, then detailed predictions of deformation, stress and stability can be accomplished by performing numerical modeling. If not, still the numerical modeling can be used to perform parametric studies to gain insight into the possible ranges of responses of a system due to likely ranges of various parameters. The parametric studies can help to identify the key parameters and their impact on stability of underground excavations. The priorities of the material testing and site investigation can be set based on the selected key parameters from parametric studies. The most important modeling methods in stability analysis include finite element method, finite difference method, boundary element method and Distinct element method, which are used in three static, quasi-static and dynamic conditions and in both definite and probability modes. In this report, we investigate each of these methods their weaknesses and strengths.

The design of appropriate, cost-effective remedial measures requires a clear understanding of the processes that are causing the landslide. This understanding require a detailed site investigation, a reconnaissance of the landslide as soon as possible after it's occurrence can allow important observations of the processes involved. A key step in analyses of soil Slope stability is measuring or estimating the strengths of soils. Slope failures provide a valuable opportunity to estimate the strengths of materials involved in the failure. Stability analyses are performed to back-calculate strengths that could have produced a failure. Back analysis of strengths has advantages over laboratory testing in that the scale is much larger and the materials are in their in situ state. Using site investigations and an appropriate method of analysis it is possible to develope a model of the Slope at the time that is failed. In this paper Farahzad landslide have been studied by site investigations and then have been evaluate shear strength parameter from back analysis of failed Slope.

Introduction One of the most sensitive and important issues in some civil engineering projects is Slope design and application. The process of Slope design always involve many uncertainties. Hence, it is impossible to accurately comment on its stability or instability. Most of the uncertainties in the Slope stability analysis are related to the nature of materials, geometry, environmental conditions, model errors, and measuring errors as well. Therefore, the Slope stability analysis with a deterministic approach which uses the concept of safety factor would often not result satisfactory. Consequently, the use of probabilistic methods is more advised. Accordingly, in recent years, the probability analysis has been used to Slope stability analysis. In these analyses, the effective quantities of Slope stability are considered as statistical distributions, and the reliability coefficient would then be a statistical distribution. Likewise, one of the approaches to simulate uncertainties in the probabilistic analysis is to use the variation coefficient. If the variation coefficient changes, the probability of failure will change accordingly. When the variation coefficient becomes a larger number, costly solutions are required to reduce the probability of failure. If the variation coefficient becomes low, the reliability will be increased and the required costs to reduce the probability of failure will be decreased. Therefore, determining the amount of variation coefficient in these analyses is very important. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between the quantities is another effective parameter in computing the probability of failure. Material and methods In this research, the stability analysis of the Slope facing the spillway of the Shiraz Kavar dam has been done in two probabilistic and deterministic methods. Since circular slip probability is more likely than other types of failure, in the analysis of the stability of this Slope, the problem of circular failure is very important, and an appropriate equilibrium program should be used for circular failure analysis. Therefore, SLIDE software was used to Slope stability analysis. For material behavior, the Hook-Brown failure criterion was applied. In order to determine the strength parameters of the criterion, Geological Strength Index (GSI), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and rock constant parameter mi were used. For crushed rock with a moderate quality of crushing, the GSI quality of the rock mass was about 23 to 38, which the average value of that for the rock mass of the overflow was assumed 35. Also, the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock was evaluated about 50 to 100 MPa with an average value of 75 MPa. In addition, the value of mi was 10, and due to mechanized drilling, the disturbance factor was considered to be 1. The amount of unit weight was assumed to be 22 kN/m3. The initial model used for deterministic and probabilistic analyses, is the Morgenstern-Price model. To conduct probabilistic analyses, Monte Carlo simulation was performed using random sampling method (RS-MC) and 200, 000 sampling were used to converge the simulation results. To determine the coefficient of variation and the probability distribution of UCS, GSI and mi, the proposed values of Hook (1998) were applied and for unit weight (γ ) James Rodriguez and Sitar (2007) studies were used. Also, the minimum and maximum values of UCS and GSI are determined based on the results of experiments, and Third Sigma rule was utilized for mi and γ quantities. Since the earthquake phenomenon is rarely of great intensity and the number of small earthquakes is higher, therefore the truncated exponential distribution function can be in good agreement with the results of the earthquake. Usually, the maximum magnitude of the earthquake acceleration coefficient is twice that of the average. Results and discussion In the presented paper evaluation denotes that the safety factor computed by probabilistic analysis is given as a distribution function. The function provides a clearer view of failure condition. However, a deterministic analysis only illustrates a certain value for the failure. In addition, the results of the probabilistic analysis show that it is possible to optimize the dip of the Slope; such that it remains completely stable and the volume of earthwork is also minimized. Therefore, by using probabilistic analysis, the optimal dip of the Slope was determined. In these circumstances, the amount of earthwork was decreased by 28, 000 cubic meters. Also, the sensitivity analysis of the variation coefficient and correlation coefficient between parameters are analyzed. The results of the sensitivity analysis of the failure probability versus the variation coefficient of the quantities showed that the quantities of sensitivity factor for static conditions is greater than the corresponding pseudo-static, and the GSI amount is the highest, while the specific gravity has the least effect on the probability value. In addition, the analysis indicated that if the GSI coefficient of over 21% is selected, the probability of a static failure is higher than the permissible limit. Also, increasing the variation coefficient of quantities by as much as 50% exhibits that the probability of static failure is still below the permissible limit. Also, the correlation coefficient between UCS and GSI shows that the higher variation coefficient of the quantities is chosen, the more variations of failure probability compared to. In the case of pseudo-static conditions, variations in the failure probability are linear in relation to, while in static conditions, these changes are exponential for an increase of 50% in the variation coefficient. Also, to reduce the coefficient of variation by 50%, the probability of static failure for different values of is approximately zero.

Background and Objectives: Concept of Slope is an important part of school mathematics and it is presented in different ways in educational levels; Geometrically in diagrams, algebraically in formulas and equations, trigonometrically, it is examined as the tangent of an angle, etc. In the upcoming research, we will examine the misunderstandings of the Slope. Methods: The statistical population of the current research is female students of the 10th grade of mathematics and experimental field. A sample of 234 people was randomly selected from the statistical population. This research was conducted in the academic year of 1402-1403 in the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th districts of Tabriz. In order to collect information, a questionnaire containing 11 questions was used that was consistent with the main purpose of the research. The method of data analysis in this research is qualitative analysis. Findings: According to the results obtained in this research, 15 codes were considered to summarize the results and misunderstandings related to the concept of Slope. The questionnaire was examined question by question; And the results of each question are presented based on the frequency and percentage in the table for each question. Conclusion: According to the results, 8.42% of the students do not have a correct understanding of the line x=2 and do not consider this equation as a line. In 54.5% of the research questions, students made mistakes in translating words, symbols, tables or diagrams to each other; Therefore, the dominant systematic errors in this research are incorrect translations.