Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are the common complaints of patients refer to internal medicine clinics and the pain is the most important of them. There are different physiotherapy methods for reduction of pain and action potential Simulation therapy (APS therapy) is one of newest methods. The aim of this study was to determine reduction of pain with APS therapy. Materials & Methods: In 47 patients with different musculoskeletal pain APS therapy performed in 6 days each for 16 minutes and with current of 0.7-1.2 mA. Pain (VAS), Global functional status (ACR) and relief of pain (VAS) before and after study compared.Results: APS therapy reduced pain (p<0.001) and increased Global functional status (p<0.001) and increased relief of pain (p<0.005) but there was not any correlation between this reduction of pain with APS therapy and educational status and past history of physiotherapy and duration of illness in these patients.Conclusion: APS therapy is a useful physiotherapy modality for reduction of pain in musculoskeletal problems.

There are two approaches for simulating memory as well as learning in artificial intelligence; the functionalistic approach and the cognitive approach. The necessary condition to put the second approach into account is to provide a model of brain activity that contains a quite good congruence with observational facts such as mistakes and forgotten experiences. Given that human memory has a solid core that includes the components of our identity, our family and our hometown, the major and determinative events of our lives, and the countless repeated and accepted facts of our culture, the more we go to the peripheral spots the data becomes flimsier and more easily exposed to oblivion. It was essential to propose a model in which the topographical differences are quite distinguishable. In our proposed model, we have translated this topographical situation into quantities, which are attributed to the nodes. The result is an edge-weighted graph with mass-based values on the nodes which demonstrates the importance of each atomic proposition, as a truth, for an intelligent being. Furthermore, it dynamically develops and modifies, and in successive phases, it changes the mass of the nodes and weight of the edges depending on gathered inputs from the environment.

Background and Aim: One of the most important criteria for clinical acceptance and longevity of cast restorations is marginal accuracy. Marginal discrepancy causes cement layer exposure, increases risk of cement wash out leading to plaque accumulation, recurrent caries and gingival tissue inflammation. This study assessed the effect of finishing line preparation design on marginal discrepancy.Methods & Materials: In this experimental invitro study, three metal dies were prepared using Simulation method with beveled shoulder, chamfer and combination of both (buccal beveled shoulder encounters palatal chamfer) that addressed groups A, B and C respectively. Seven wax patterns for each die were cast in Wiron 99 (Basemetal Alloy).After seating the trameworks, marginal discrepancy was measured in two horizontal and vertical dimensions. The data were analyzed by one way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons tests.Results: The significant differences of horizontal marginal opening were found among three groups in buccopalatal and mesiodistal directions (P<0.003, P<0.0001). Also, significant differences found between pair groups except to A and C in buccopalatal and A and B in mesiodistal directions. The vertical marginal opening in three groups was statistically different at mesial, distal and palatal directions (P<0.05) but not at buccal side. The vertical marginal opening differences of pair groups (A and C, Band C) at mesial, distal and palatal directions were significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, finishing line, preparation design significantly affects the marginal discrepancy, the least and most horizontal marginal opening was produced in beveled shoulder and the combined preparation of beveled shoulder and chamfer, respectively. Chamfer preparation caused minimum vertical marginal opening while the beveled shoulder was in the next rank with no significant statistical differences.

The present research was done in steppic rangelands of-Dehno, Kerman province to study the effects of different harvesting intensities of Artemisia sieberi applying Simulation method. The experiment was conducted using split plots in a completely randomized experimental design often replications to find the best grazing intensity. Treatments are including no harvest (as a control), 25, 50 and 75% harvest. In each treatment, 10 similar and average plant species were selected as replications. All dependent variables were evaluated during the study and results were analyzed in SAS software. Results showed Minimum and maximum forage production was obtained at 25% harvest in 2008 and no harvest treatment in 2009, respectively. Regarding to the obtained results and soil condition, the 50% harvesting intensity is recommended in Dehno site to maintain the vigority of Artemisia sieberi that is not dangerous for its survival, healthiness and vigority even in drought conditions.

In the present study, the structure and operation of solid oxide fuel cells and types of ammonia-water adsorption cycles were evaluated. When the fuel cell temperature is 1100 K, the fuel cell current density is 1.17   and the steam to carbon ratio enters the system is 2, the electrical efficiency of the combined system (HHV) is %50. Using the Aspen Plus optimizer software, we optimized the hybrid system with 500 kW power generation. By performing the optimization, the required investment cost for the hybrid system was obtained on average $1800. Also, the appropriate range of current density and voltage were found to be 0.35 - 0.6    and 0.72 – 0.8 V, respectively. Therefore, based on the calculations and optimization, our cycle has an average cost of 1800 $/kW. The point to be noted is that the cost per capita is 6000 kW. According to economic principles if the amount of power generation increases, the amount of cost per unit of power generation will decrease. A hybrid heating system (gas turbine + steam turbine) with a production capacity of 140 MW ​​has an average cost 1100$/kW. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the cost of the cycle per unit of production capacity by increasing the scale of the desired cycle in the industrial units to be competitive with conventional thermal power plants. Of course, do not forget that the efficiency of our desired cycle is higher than the efficiency of conventional thermal power plants.

Background: A laboratory model is needed for investigating the techniques and accuracy of impression materials.There are three techniques of making a laboratory model:1. Replica method2. Simulation method3. Abstract methodAim: This laboratory model was prepared on the basis of Simulation method, to test ifs reliability.Material and Methods: This model consisted of two individual dies (one with an undercut under its margin and the other one without us chundercut). Special tray and guide rods were used to unify special trays path of insertion and exertion on the dies.

The interaction of thruster plumes with satellite components can have undesirable effects, such as disturbance force/torque, thermal loading, and species deposition in the surfaces. The purpose of this paper is to use the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method to analyze the 3D plume impingement flows and investigate its effects. Two impingement problems are computed. The impact of a jet of nitrogen on an inclined flat plate is considered. Good agreement is found between surface quantities calculated by DSMC and experimental data. The plume of a hydrazine control thruster firing in a model satellite configuration is simulated. Surface quantities and net impingement effects are calculated. The effects of partial displacement of the thruster locations on the results have also been investigated. The results show that a 20% displacement of the thruster location can change the disturbance force/torque by up to 15% of the initial values.