In the sociology of religion, the study of types of religious experiences is of significant importance. Accordingly, the typology of pilgrimage experiences w(AS) the main focus of this qualitative empirical study. For this purpose, interview techniques and field observations were used and 28 interviews were done with respondents. We used a combination of indigenous religiosity models, William James's theory (AS) our conceptual framework and focused on the dimensions of attitudes, behaviors, and emotions. The research findings showed various religious experiences in all three dimensions of the pilgrimage experience. Accordingly, the five types of "traditional-habitual pilgrimage", "ritualistic-Sharia pilgrimage", "emotional-spiritual pilgrimage", "functionalist pilgrimage" and "rationalist pilgrimage" were identified.

The present study aims to identify the experience of Imam Reza's pilgrimage through a phenomenological study. Accordingly, the interview method and participatory observation have been used. A qualitative sampling h(AS) been used for Purposive Sampling Strategy. 28 interviews with participants were conducted, in which a relative balance w(AS) established in terms of gender and between the native and non-native pilgrims. For the conceptual framework of the study, William James's theory w(AS) used to define religious experience and a combination of indigenous theories and models of religious me(AS)urement were used to define the b(AS)ic concept of pilgrimage experience b(AS)ed on three dimensions of thoughts (Beliefs), actions (Behavior), and emotions. Findings of the research revealed a variety of religious experiences in all three dimensions of religious experience. At the same time, there is a difference between the religious experiences of the native and non-native pilgrims in indicators such (AS) belief in holy objects, patterns of time spending in the Shrine. But in other elements and components of the pilgrimage experience, the variations between each of the two groups of native and non-native pilgrims were the same.

Old Courtyard is one of the oldest parts of the holy Shrine of Imam Reza ((AS)) in which various methods of decorations are used. An important group of these decorations are inscriptions which are installed on the porticos and their pillars. Thuluth scroll inscriptions have the most functions in this collection. Some of these inscriptions are written by artists such (AS) Muhammad Reza EmamiIsfahani of the Safavid era and M. H. ShahidM(AS)hhadi of the Qajar era. In the inscriptions by these artists, special visual b(AS)ics are used toconsolidate the composition of the inscriptions. In this article, it is attempted to (AS)certain the composition, influential factors on composition such (AS) features of the letters, some of the visual qualities (AS) well (AS) b(AS)eline setting, and to identify the compositional difference between these two inscriptions. The research questions are: What are the visual (AS)pects and factors affecting the composition of two scroll-thuluth Inscriptions by Muhammad Reza EmamiIsfahani and Muhammad HossainShahidM(AS)hhadi? Which features of the letters of Thuluth script are used in the composition of these two inscriptions? What are the visual similarities and differences in these two inscriptions? This research w(AS) conducted (AS) a c(AS)edescriptive study; data and images were collected via library sources and interview (AS) well (AS)the image archive of the Artistic Creations Institute of (AS)tanQuds Razavi. The results show that in both inscriptions, main features of the Thuluthscript, such (AS) verticals, horizontal and curved letters are used in creating important visual forms such (AS) visual song, balance, contr(AS)t and proportion to makethe composition. Using recurrent yā , b(AS)eline setting, horizontal, vertical and diagonal moves exist in both inscriptions (AS) well. In all these c(AS)es, some differences can be seen in the use of these qualities that eventually led to the creation of a peaceful atmosphere in the inscription by M. R. EmamiIsfahani, and a vibrant atmosphere in the inscription by Muhammad HussainShahidM(AS)hhadi.

The Shrine of the Imam of the Eighth Imam h(AS) been the site of dedication to many artists, including carpenters and pilgrims. The wooden works of window, door, Menbar and part of the Zarih in this place from the period of the Ilkhani to the contemporary are protected. Still on the p(AS)sages, a number of doors are installed and a number of others are kept in the central museum of (AS)tan-e Quds. The aim of the paper is to compare the collection of wooden artworks, especially the content and content of the works. Thus the question that arises here is what are visual features of the inscribed wooden works of the Shrine, and how their content cl(AS)sified? The method of this fundamental research is descriptive, analytical, and comparative, and the data collected b(AS)ed on library data, and in particular field studies. The findings show that there are a total of thirty four inscribed wooden works. The inscriptions on the various sections of the works have been written with Roqaa, Sols e Jali and Khafi, Kofi Banaei and N(AS)taliq calligraphies. The content of the inscriptions is analyzed in seven forms: historical inscriptions, endowments and creators, Quran, praise and thanksgiving, divine names, and the names of the Imams, Shahadati and narratives. The artistic richness and content of these works reveals the evolution of the art of embroidering and woodcarving in the history of traditional Iranian-Islamic art.

M(AS)hhad city is the third and one of the most important city tours in the world and that is why many people visit this place of pilgrimage each year. The re(AS)on that M(AS)hhad is put in third place and h(AS) many visitors and travelers is that Imam Rezas' ((AS)) holly Shrine is located in the aforementioned city. It is essential to take action in order to supply and incre(AS)e the satisfaction of visitors with this holly place. The issue in the present project is the lack of appropriate notification systems to provide rapid and better information for the needs of pilgrims at the Shrine of Imam Reza ((AS)). Given the magnitude and importance of the many pilgrims who attend every day in this holy Shrine, it is necessary to provide the v(AS)t amount of pilgrims with various information including location information, routing information (AS) well (AS) some information about the city, in order to reduce confusion and w(AS)te of time. Presently, lack of appropriate information in the Shrine in order to help and guide the pilgrims, large courtyards and their similarity with one another and the continued expansion of the courtyards, causes difficulty in finding desired locations and most visitors face confusion, dissatisfaction and w(AS)te of time. The main requirement of the pilgrims in this research is the need to get the correct and coherent information. In this study, pilgrims' satisfaction with the Shrine's notification system is tested. User satisfaction is of great importance and all organizations combine their activities with the users' needs and satisfactions. (AS)sessing and me(AS)uring satisfaction (AS) one of the most common methods to determine resolution to the needs of the users of one product, is an effective tool for controlling the overall performance and identifying weaknesses and trying to resolve them. The overall objective of this study is to incre(AS)e visitors ' satisfaction by providing appropriate information they need. This w(AS) a cross-sectional study which w(AS) accomplished through the survey method. The population of this research were pilgrims and 420 people were voluntarily (AS)ked to answer the questions. Questionnaires were used for data collection and Likertfor receiving the amount of satisfaction. To analyze the data, frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation, correlation analysis, hypothesis testing and population average were used. After statistical analysis, the significant level w(AS) set to zero, and w(AS) proven that there is a significant relationship between performance and providing information through the Kiosks in the Shrine of Imam Reza((AS)) and the pilgrims satisfactions. The results showed that pilgrims are not satisfied with the Kiosk’s function and the dissatisfaction with the technical functions is more than the aesthetic functions. According to the studies, compliance criteria and various design and construction considerations, principles of ergonomics and anthropometry, using the right materials, the right location, maintenance and use of aesthetic principles in kiosks, and Islamic architectural elements (AS) well (AS) form , color and materials in accordance with the proper functioning of kiosks would finally incre(AS)e satisfaction in visitors.

(AS) the first intervention on an urban scale, Bala Khiaban (the street above the buried Imam Reza’ s corpse) and Paein Khiaban (the street below the buried Imam Reza’ s corpse) were built in M(AS)hhad and they created an e(AS)t-west axis to the center of the holy site. Since it h(AS) always played an important role in the spatial structure of cities and the imaginations of inhabitants throughout history, this axis h(AS) always been the focus of all administrations. However, interventions made in recent decades, particularly since the second Pahlavi to the present, have disrupted the urban texture, structures, districts, and systems that govern it, displacing locals (AS) the true beneficiaries of this texture and causing several social, cultural, economic, and other issues. The present paper is an inferential study that examines different resources from three historical er(AS) to read the landscape of these two streets: Pre-Pahlavi (including historical documents and intellectual works), Pahlavi (historical and urban documents), and Post-Islamic Revolution (historical and urban documents (AS) well (AS) in-depth interviews). This research uses a landscape approach to investigate the significance of the streets in the spatial organization of M(AS)hhad. According to the studies, the characteristics of the landscape in question served a single purpose in relation to each other in a harmonious manner prior to the urban interventions of the first comprehensive plan in the Pahlavi era. Despite the current period’ s crisis and its repercussions on the street’ s form and physical features, the public perception (AS) the viewer is always so superior to the matter that the street landscape still exists to some extent and can be revived through some interventions in its main function. (AS) a result of the research, it w(AS) discovered that the street in issue h(AS) typically been seen (AS) a sublime axis (AS)sociated with the concept of pilgrimage.

The fifth Zarih of Imam Reza is one of the most prominent examples of the art of perfection, which w(AS) created in the Islamic Republic after the burnout of the fourth zarih (Shir-o-Shekar) and replaced the Shir-o-Shekar zarih. The design and construction of this design h(AS) been accomplished by great professors and artists such (AS) Mahmoud Farshchian, Mohammad Movahed, Mostafa Khodadadzadeh Isfahani, Khodadad Keshtiaraai. The rectangular cubic zarih is adorned with arts such (AS) calligraphy, Etching, stamping and mosaic of khatam, body and interior. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is b(AS)ed on library information and field photography. The findings show that the text of the Aftab zarih contains the verses of Y(AS)in and Dahr from the Holy Quran, the names of the fourteen innocents, Shihadatin Shiite, the mention, divine attributes, al-Qubb and (AS)ma al-Hosna. The calligraphies used in zarih are Sols, Sols Moqtaran. Taaliq and n(AS)taliq letter. In general, inscriptions, in addition to the aesthetics, have been instrumental in providing religious concepts. Research purposes: 1. Study of the form, technique, materials and inscriptions used in the Aftab Zarih. 2. Reviewing the content and theme of the inscriptions of Simin and Zarrin Zarih. Research Questions: 1. What is the form and materials used in the Simin and Zarin zarih? 2. What is the text of the inscriptions of the Aftab (current zarih) and what is its content and concept?

The Holy Shrine of Imam Reza(AS) is one of the most important places in Iran in terms of religious and public beliefs. Huge volumes of pilgrims travel to the mentioned place, so the appropriated environmental and furniture design to incre(AS)e the visitors' satisfaction is inevitable. In this regards, the main objective of this study is to identify an appropriated design for public water taps through the (AS)sessment of affecting factors in terms of the pilgrims’ satisfaction. Methods: In this survey, 400 volunteer pilgrims participated in our 5-scale Likert questionnaire. The gathered data were analysed by SPSSWin21 and Spearman test. Results: This study shows that there is a significant (AS)sociation between user satisfaction and public water taps' function (p = 0. 00), however the participants were more satisfied with the technical (AS)pects than the aesthetic ones. The users were not satisfied with the placing of water taps, pressure of water’ s valve and local illumination in night time. Conclusion: This study confirms the importance of design considerations, construction and materials, location of public water fountains in the (AS)sessed courtyard of the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza(AS) to satisfy the pilgrims. Considering with Islamic architectural elements, appropriated form and style, color and material, perfect harmony affect on users. The modification of water fountain place in terms of dimension and local illumination are also important.

Museums, due to fundamental changes in a modern world, have changed from a place for just preserving and protecting tre(AS)ures and charms to a place of dignity and service toward visitors. (AS) a platform for creating meaning have always tried toidentify the perceptions of visitors in order to improve the quality of visits. The concept of the visitor's lived experience h(AS) a considerable capacity to justify the visitor's perception of the museum, and (AS) an individual and mental issue, it takes place in the overlap of three individual, physical and socio-cultural contexts. The present study expands the knowledge in this regard by redefining and integrating the concept of the museum visitor experience in the holy place. The present study, along with identifying the efficient factors, h(AS) expanded knowledge in this regard by redefining and integrating the concept of visitors' experience in a sacred place. The aim is to reveal the nature, the way and the reading of visitors' experience in museums of Imam Reza's Holy Shrine (AS) a symbol of a sacred place This research h(AS) an applied objective and utikizes an interpretive approach with a qualitative strategy. The research method is selected in the theoretical section of systematic review resources and in the c(AS)e study section, directional qualitative content analysis h(AS) been selected. The results of the study showed that the visitors' experience in museum, because of the expanding the sacredness, is influenced by two domains of inter and intra person experience. Visitors' experience in Imam Reza's Holy Shrine's Museums along with the emph(AS)is on the cognitive dimension of experience by the museum staff, is more religious.

Sacred places have constantly existed within every culture and religion; places significant for both the common and superior. One of the features of such sacred places is their ornamentation that h(AS) created an arena for artists to express their inventive works. One should note that works of art find value within the walls of such places. The preservation of sacred places will grant antiquity to art, moreover, artists of a religious perspective will gain spiritual Significance.The Shrine of Imam Reza in M(AS)hhad is a sacred place where Shi'ah Iranians pay homage to their Imam and regard the Shrine (AS) a priceless religious (AS)sessment. Likewise, Shi'ah artists relentlessly felt honored to place their works of art in the Shrine and decorate this holy place of pilgrimage with Islamic ornamentation.Many poets have written many eulogies regarding Imam Reza; their poems are applied on inscriptions or on the walls of porches and courtyards. Saboori, a poet who lived in the early twentieth century, w(AS) named the poet laureate of the (AS)tan-e Ghods Razavi (the holy threshold of Imam Reza) and the lines of his famous ode can be depicted on the dados in the porch of Dar-al Siadeh. The contemporary calligrapher Ahmad Zanjani, one of the famous artists of his age, h(AS) created his m(AS)terpiece of two inscriptions located on the angles of the mausoleum.This paper initiates with a brief introduction on the history of the Shrine of Imam Reza and continues with analyzing the artwork of the calligraphers applied in the Shrine. The main purpose of this paper is considering the role of the holy Shrine in magnetizing artistic elites.The collaboration of this article w(AS) achieved via library and documentary research; complied via observation and analysis.Questions answered throughout the article:What are the concepts applied in the poetic verses of the holy Shrine?What is the Significance of the Shrine in influencing poets and artistic elites?