The present study was conducted by examining the views of relevant experts and their exposure to child labor in Shiraz. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed based on grounded theory. Ten axial categories and one core category were extracted from the coding process. The core category was developed under the title of "institutional passivity and sectoralism". The results of the research showed that the causal conditions such as incompatibility and institutional and managerial confusion, diversity of perspectives to the phenomenon of child labor and non-governmental organizations and indifference towards child labor has caused the emergence of this phenomenon. Intervening conditions include: negative representation and conflicting media activities, Inhibition of some domestic and international rules and laws and child labor of nationals and the problem of identification and identity. This central phenomenon is located in special conditions and contexts due to family pressure and starting the work process in childhood, child labor as an income generating industry, child labor as a source of financial support for the family and the unique opportunity for working children, and Shiraz's oppurtunities for immigrants. The type of encounter with working children in Shiraz has caused numerous consequences that can be seen Unreasonable increase of child labor of nationals, Failure to contain and control the problem of working children, lack of proper organization and social support of working children, Anonymity of working children and persuasion and encouragement of nationals to immigrate to Shiraz.

Ants are a major part of the ecosystem as they assist in the decomposition process and improve soil quality. In this study the species richness and biodiversity of these arthropods was assessed in the habitats with varying degrees of human impact in Shiraz, Fars Province, southern Iran. To this end, six habitats including three city parks with the least amount of human destruction (Be’sat, Janat, Babakoohi), two habitats with high amount of manipulation in order to agriculture and urbanization (a field and a destroyed garden) and a natural park without any human manipulation as control, were chosen and sampled bimonthly during 2015 and 2106. A total of 6270 ant workers belonging to 30 species, 12 genera, and three subfamilies were recorded. The most abundant subfamily was Formicinae (16 species) followed by Myrmicinae (12 species), and Dolichoderinae (two species). The biodiversity indices showed a greater diversity in both natural park and urban landscape: Be’sat and Janat parks, with the lowest amount of human effects, respectively as well as Babakoohi and the lowest in the field and destroyed garden. Although a significant difference was observed with the habitats (F= 4.255, P=0.004) and the months (F= 4.327, P=0.002) of sampling, there was not a significant difference between Babakoohi, natural park, Janat and Be’sat parks (P>0.05) nor between field and destroyed garden (P>0.05).

Bazaars are among the few historical buildings that still continue to operate. The Bazaar in a city has been important not only from economic aspects but also from cultural and social aspects. Today, the empty space of such urban spaces, which can become a lasting space by creating a sense of belonging and peace, while meeting the needs of today's people, is felt very much. Sound is one of the main factors in creating memories in the human mind. In order to investigate the role of sound in the traditional architecture of Iran, a research was conducted in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The final goal of this research is to investigate the quantitative and qualitative conditions of the sound using sound meter software in the Vakil Bazzar of Shiraz. The permissible level of noise pollution in urban spaces is 60 decibels based on the resolution of the Supreme Council of Environmental Protection of Iran for commercial areas. The results of this research indicate that in the quietest conditions, the noise pollution for at least 33% of the Bazzar space is higher than the maximum allowed amount of noise pollution. How to improve the sound conditions in Vakil Bazzar, such as reducing noise by creating a masking sound source, creating a pond and a fountain, is one of the most important results of this research.

The yield of pistachio production in Kerman province as the main pistachio pole in Iran is very low compared to rival countries such as the United States. In this research, the condition of pistachio production of some farmers in Sirjan County of this province standing in the second place of production in Kerman province was investigated. Because of annual pistachio production issue, the average data of 2014 and 2015 were used. The emphasis of this study is on the role of social capital as a software tool for increasing efficiency and productivity. The findings showed that the average technical efficiency in the presence of social capital was 0. 69. In order to understand the effect of investment in social capital among farmers, the productivity index of Luenberger was calculated based on the directional distance function, which was found to be on order of 12. 5 percent. According to the results, farmers and authorities in the agricultural sector should take appropriate measures to improve the situation of farmers by promoting the various dimensions of social capital.

Using the interdisciplinary approach of geocriticism and especially its triple elements from Westphal's view, i.e. Multifocalization, Polysensoriality, and stratigraphic vision, two different types of literature, namely novel (Shiraz, a novel by Hamburger) and memoir (Farewell Shiraz by Kadivar) are investigated and analyzed. The investigation of the multifocalization shows that the recognition of Shiraz, is better done in the light of two local and foreign views, and a unipolar view of the place interferes with its complete knowledge. also, the analysis of the Polysensoriality shows that despite the soundscapes and the representation of the place using the sense of smell, the visual representation dominates in both works, however, the most complete type of representation is possible by using different senses. The third is stratigraphy, which pays attention to the time in recognizing and correctly representing the place, by showing the different time stratum in Shiraz that are well represented in both works, shows the adherence of cultural, historical and environmental factors in shaping the unique character of Shiraz and gives it a postmodern view. As well, the findings of the research show the high accuracy of representation, i.e. the presence of real references in novel Shiraz despite its fictional nature.

40 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were operated in 20 years period. 90 percent were female and 10 percent male with a ratio of 9/1. Age ranged from 25 to 62 years with a mean of 30±12. Mean total serum calcium was 11.4±09 mg/dL with a mean serum phosphorus of 2±0.3 mg/dL. Eighty percent of the patients presented with musculoskeletal manifestations of the disease and 22.5 percent had renal complications. In comparison with western countries, these patients were younger and female to male ratio was higher. Bone complications were more advanced and tumor size was bigger. Majority of patients had adenoma and the incidence of hyperplasia was much less (0.5%). The differences are, probably, because our patients are diagnosed late. Also, the type of diet, especially low in Vit D, may be responsible

This paper is a survey of the comprehensine influence of Sanai s works, one of the most famous Iranian poets and Sufis (467-529 A. H.), on the works of Roozbahan Boqli Shirazis - the illustrious mystic (522-606 A. H.). This impact is evident in, the Persian books of Roozbahan. "Abharl Ashegin" of Roozbahan contains thirty one verses of sanais poetry and we can understand that Sanai has been Roozbahans director in different parts of this book. "Sharhe-Shathiiat" another book of Roozbahan is similar to "Abharl Ashegin" in which Roozbahan has used Sanai s poems and some of his sentences and phrases represent Sanai s play with words.

Introduction: Organizational Innovation requires to turns ideas into organizational usable forms and this idea are used to promote organizational performance. The aim of this study was to survey Organizational Innovation (Administrative & Technical) in the Academic Libraries of Shiraz public university (Shiraz University, Shiraz Medical Sciences University).Methods: This research is a descriptive-survey study, and the population consists all of managers and librarians in academic libraries of Shiraz in 2011-2012 years (151 persons), that by used the formula of sampling i.e. Cochran and were selected 86 persons. Sampling method is Random stratified sampling proportionate to size. To collect data a researcher made questionnaire was used which its face validity was approved by experts and its reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.93). For analyzing the data SPSS V.16 software was used in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: The status of Organizational Innovation and two component’s Administrative and technical innovation in the academic libraries of Shiraz Public Universities is more than the average level (3.42±0.66), but the differences between the components of organizational innovation (technical and administrative) were significant (P³0.05). Also among the respondents’ views, there is no significant difference based on demographic variables of gender, field of study, years of service, and level of education (P>0.05), there is significant difference based on university and type of work in the library in the components of administrative innovations (P³0.05). In other words, manager's greater administrative innovation than technical and public services staff.Conclusion: Academic libraries have been particular importance in this case in regard to increasing importance of innovation in organizations. Management academic libraries can improve their services and to better meet information needs clients with provide appropriate working environment for their employees and librarians.

In today’s world of advanced technology, "nothing is safe" and the fear from painful disasters caused by job accidents always exists. Therefore, hospital preparation for probable accidents, such as fire, and providing safety for both the staff and the patients in these situations are vital necessities. This study aimed to evaluate the fire safety status and level of fire-awareness in the hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. This cross–sectional study was conducted in two parts.1) Reviewing the fire-safety status in the hospitals of the university and 2) Evaluating the level of fire awareness among the hospital personnel. In evaluating the level of fire awareness, 520 subjects were selected among Radiology, Pharmacy, Laboratory, And Nursing stations staff. The fire-safety status was assessed using a checklist including 54 questions evaluating fire-safety and emergency exit pathways. In addition, a questionnaire including 12 questions was used in order to evaluate the level of fire awareness. The results revealed maximum and minimum fire-safety status in Namazi Hospital (mean=20.36) and Shooshtari Hospital (mean=16), respectively. In addition, the highest and the lowest levels of fire awareness were found in Qotbeddin Hospital (mean=5.85) and Sina Hospital (mean=3.35), respectively. Level of fire-awareness of the study population had association with educational level and job tenure.

The main objectives of the present study were: 1) to investigate the reliability and the validity of the Student-life Stress Inventory in Iranian culture, 2) to identify stressors in university students, 3)to determine students reactions to stressors, and 4) to examine sex differences in stressors and reactions to stressors. In this study 551 students from four universities in the cities of Shiraz and Marvdasht, completed the Gadzella's Student-life Stress Inventory. To determine the reliability, Cronbach's coefficient alpha was calculated and the obtained coefficient for the total scale was 92. The correlations among Gadzella's inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and Taylor's Anxiety Scale were all statistically significant at 001. These correlation coefficients were interpreted as criteria of the validity of the inventory for use in Iran. In this study sex differences in some type of stressors and reactions to them were also observed. Furthermore, the relationship between subjects' scores and variables such as father's education, mother's education, father's occupation and working mothers vs. non- working mothers were also verified.