Background and purpose: Due to the difficulty of diagnosis, esophageal and gastric cancers have a special position in Mazandaran Province. In this province, gastric cancer is considered to be one the most important causes of mortality; therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the SURVIVAL of patients with gastric cancer in Mazandaran.Materials and methods: In this historical Cohort study all gastric cancer patients referring to an academic center clinic from 2007 to 2010 were enrolled. A parametric model was fitted to the data. Parametric SURVIVAL models, Kaplan-Meier and life table were applied for estimating the SURVIVAL probability and investigating the effect of different variables.Results: The mean age of the participants was 64 years and 68.3% of the patients were men. Among the patients, 48.4% were in the most advanced stage i.e.: stage 4. The SURVIVAL probability of more than 2 years was calculated 27.7% in the patients, using Kaplan Mayer method. Cox hazard proportional model revealed that variables like the stage of the disease, metastasis and surgery status, and age influenced the SURVIVAL probability of patients.Conclusion: Low SURVIVAL TIME of the participants of the study may be due to the late diagnosis and lack of medical facilities.

The prevailing model in the studies that estimate bus travel TIME is the linear regression which assumes the limit of the normal distribution for all observations. Besides, SURVIVAL models can calculate that the probability of an event can change over TIME. Thus, examining event probabilities that change over TIME is ideal for risky basic models such as SURVIVAL ones. Although these kinds of models are used less in the research of bus travel TIME, in this study Accelerated Failure TIME (AFT) SURVIVAL models and linear regression models are compared in the form of two modeling approaches, link-based, and section-based. As for modeling the Automated Vehicle Location (AVL), data of 32 buses in line number 313 in Tehran (from Sepah Sq. to Enqelab Sq. ) is used, including the information for one week for May, August, and November 2015. According to the results, the accuracy of SURVIVAL models is better than the linear regression model in both modeling approaches. Furthermore, the performance of the linear regression model is unfavorable for both observations of short (less than 100 seconds) and long (more than 900 seconds) travel TIME. In addition, the particular lane that has been built in the opposite direction in this route reduces the bus travel TIME by an average of about 157/ percent.

Background: One of the most prevalent intestinal cancers is rectum cancer causing 10% of mortality rate due to cancer. According to relative high prevalence of rectum cancer in Isfahan, Iran, the aim of this study was determining SURVIVAL TIME and recurrent rate of this cancer in this region.Methods: This cross-sectional study for SURVIVAL analysis was done in Alzahra hospital (Isfahan, Iran) during 2012-2013.101 hospitalized consecutive patients with rectum cancer were selected. The necessary data such as demographic information, pathologic results and etc. were achieved from patients' records. We contacted patients' families for achieving completing data. All patients were followed for prognosis, death and recurrent after the surgery.Findings: The mean of SURVIVAL TIME in all patients was 5.45±0.45 years. According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the median SURVIVAL was 6.0±0.9 years. Mean and median SURVIVAL was statistically different based on the disease stage (P<0.001); but other factors had not positive effect on patients' SURVIVAL.The mean and median of relapse were 14.05±2.30 and 12.00±0.83 months, respectively. Chemradiotherapy before the surgery statistically affected relapse TIME but other factors were not effective.Conclusion: Because of the high relapse and low SURVIVAL rate in our patients in comparison with world statistics, protocols of treatment for rectum cancer must be revised.

Introduction: Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer after lung cancer and the leading cause of cancer mortality. Gastric cancer of the lining of the stomach gradually affects the adjacent layers of stomach and spreads out. With studying the characteristics of these patients and determining factors in predicting affecting SURVIVAL, it may be possible to predict or to improve their SURVIVAL.Materials and Methods: In this study, 199 patients with metastatic gastric cancer were studied and the age at the TIME of diagnosis, type of treatment, degree of tumor differentiation, the number of sites involved and many other factors affecting the length of SURVIVAL TIME of patients were evaluated. For data analysis, Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards model were used.Results: 151 patients (75.9%) were male and 71 patients (35.7%) died in the end of follow-up. The mean and median SURVIVAL TIME of patients was 24.7±3.9 and 19 months, respectively. SURVIVAL probability of one, three and five year of patients were 0.66, 0.19 and 0.06, respectively. Fitted model showed that age at diagnosis and level of hemoglobin associated with SURVIVAL in patients with metastatic gastric cancers (P<0.05).Conclusion: With early diagnosis in patients with gastric cancer, risk can be greatly reduced.

Introduction: We studied 282 patients referred to two Iranian CAPD centers from 1st January 1995 to end of 2006. Data on demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics that were monthly collected through questionnaires were entered in Hakim (a Farsi database). The patient’s clinical and laboratory parameters included the determination of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, urine volume, serum calcium and phosphate levels, serum albumin, alkaline phosphates enzyme, cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin, ferritin, PTH hormone, fasting blood sugar, weight, 24 hours urine, presence of edema, and npcr at first referrer to nephrologists. In addition, their changes after one year were analyzed. Then patients were categorized in two groups, TIMEly referral (TR) and late referral (LR). TR group was defined as referred patients that visited by nephrologists more than 1 month before initiation of dialysis and serum creatinines were less than 6 mg/dL. LR group was patients that their first visit to nephrologists were less than one month before dialysis and their serum creatinines were more than 6 mg/dL.Patients SURVIVAL (first, second, and five years) in two groups were determined also factors affecting SURVIVAL were considered.Methods: Data collected through an 18-sheet questionnaire on a monthly basis from 2 CAPD centres (Shafa and Shariati, Tehran, Iran) including demographic information, monthly lab findings, and clinical course. The data entered in Hakim software specifically designed for CAPD registry in Iran. The data used for this study were extracted from the Hakim database and analysed by STATA 9.0 software (StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA).Parametric values were expressed as mean ± SD.Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used for comparison of proportions. T student test was used to compare means. Cox regression analysis was used to assess patient SURVIVAL rates.P -value less than.05 was assumed significant.Results: There were 33 TR (48.5) and 35 LR (51.5%) patients. Age distribution, marital and educational status, and also distribution of BMI in TR and LR group were similar (P>.05) although there were more male in TR than LR (24 subjects, 72.7% versus 10 subjects, 28.6%, P<.0001). In addition, mean weight, presence of edema, mean of urine volume, FBS, and 24-hour UF were not significantly different in two groups (P>.05). At the baseline, there were not any significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures, serum calcium and phosphate levels, albumin, alkaline phophatase enzyme, cholesterol, triglyceride, hemoglobin, ferritin, PTH hormone, fasting blood sugar between two groups of TR and LR. However, the result of comparisons after one year proved that the level of ferritin was higher, but serum albumin level and npcr were lower in LR group. One, 2, and 5 years patient SURVIVAL rates were 96%, 76%, and 76% in TR group patients and 87%, 78%, and 78% in LR group, respectively.Conclusions: In conclusion, according to the definition of TIME of referral in present study, the main impact of late referral in CKD patients is the lack of control of inflammation. Increasing of ferritin and decreasing of albumin were shown. Then, poor nutrition may cause increase of mortality in the first year of dialysis onset. Changing of other clinical and laboratory parameters were dependent on the quality of them at the beginning of follow up. The measurement of the other inflammatory mediators such as CRP, ESR, and Fetuin can confirm these findings.

Background: Vascular access (VA) is a prerequisite for initiation of hemodialysis (HD) in patients with end- stage renal disease (ESRD). Frequency and potency of V A types are varibus in different societies. We have done this study to achieve this goal. Materials and Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was performed over two months (august and September 2003) iq four HD centers in Isfahan, Iran. All of the patients who were treated with HD for more than 1 month were studied for the number, type of V A and some demographic factors. The questionnaires were completed at the patient"s bedside. Results: There were 320 patients. (199 male and 121 female). Mean age was 50.64± years. Among 412 permanent VAs which were created in the duration of HD, only 4 and 7 of them were graft and dual _ lumen cuffed catheters, respectively. All of the others were arterio venous fistula (AVF).The mean number of created permanent VAs in females was more than males. It was increased by some factors such as increasing the duration of HD, increasing the interval between creating permanent VA and initiation of HD. Although the latest was not statistically significant. 1 Year, 2-year, 3-year and 5- year SURVIVAL of AVF was 80%, 78%, 73% and 69%, respectively. Primary failure of AVF was. 13%. Conclusion: Regarding the statistics of other centers, SURVIVAL of AVF was low in Isfahan. The prevalence of grafts & dual - lumen cuffed catheters is lower than other countries. The majority of our patients use AVF as a VA. The earlier the patient is encouraged to create a permanent VA before initiation of HD, the AVF SURVIVAL is higher.

Background: Leukemia is a kind of malignancy blood system which leads to death of human beings in a very short period of TIME. In this paper, the effective factors on SURVIVAL TIME of the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients have been considered to achieve a linear regression model show the relation between the life-TIME after diagnosis and some explanatory factors.Methods: In this study, the data of 52 patients died from ALL was used. The designed model contained three variables, hemoglobin, large undifferentiated cell (LUC) and age. According to the data suggesting, a kind of mixture distribution, we considered a mixture model for SURVIVAL TIME. Applying the EM-algorithm, we have found the maximum likelihood estimate of mean SURVIVAL TIME and the Bayesian estimate of the mean SURVIVAL TIME by Monte Carlo Markov Chain method.Findings: Based on the obtained estimating SURVIVAL function, we can predict the SURVIVAL TIME of the patients and decide about their treatment protocol.Conclusion: It is suggested that by conducting larger studies and statistical analysis used in this paper, a correlative can be found between clinical & Para clinical findings and the SURVIVAL TIME. This model can be used in often kinds of diseases for determining the prognosis.