Objective: Since the discovery and representation of SUBJECTs contained in information resources is the most important goal in information description, analysis and retrieval systems, and since SUBJECT search is the most common type of user search in databases and library catalogs, in this study what is "SUBJECT" and how to analyze and extract SUBJECT matters in the process of determining SUBJECT keywords for an information resource, as well as some research and operational perspectives are discussed. Methodology: This conceptual paper uses documentary research method to examine the concepts of "SUBJECT" and "SUBJECT analysis", presented in a selection of related research works in the field of Information Science, as well as considering some corresponding concepts in the field of Computer Science and Natural Language Processing. Findings: Despite various interpretations of what "SUBJECT" is, which some assume to be an axiom, and its definition unnecessary, there is consensus, explicitly or implicitly, on its meaning of "aboutness". SUBJECT analysis of information resources, as part of the indexing process, is the analysis and identification of stated topics and concepts and/or obvious features of the information source that may involve manpower, computer algorithms designed to identify textual terms or the combination of the two is done. Each of these methods has its strengths and weaknesses. Search and retrieval problems due to the multiplicity of SUBJECT analysis tools and keyword assignment, low usage rate of standard descriptive schemas, inconsistencies between indexed terms assigned by a single indexer at different times, as well as between multiple indexers for the same information resource, human error in general, the inconsistency of users’,search terms with the assigned keywords, and the lack of on time description of resources due to the growing production of them are among the weaknesses of the human SUBJECT analysis approach. The application of automated methods of artificial intelligence and natural language processing offers promising prospects for increasing speed and consistency in various processes of describing and organizing information, including the extraction of SUBJECT keywords. However, evaluating the efficiency of the output of these methods, alone or in comparison with the keywords of human production, specially from the perspective of users, is required. Conclusion: In the competition of machine algorithms with the human mind in the analysis and recognition of resource SUBJECTs, the human mind excels,whether it is an indexer who expresses in his own language what the source is about, or a designer who can design a machine that mimics the computational steps of his mind to saves time and resources. Libraries and information centers can, far from rushing to replace conventional processes and procedures, use the various methods and tools available from the Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning fields to design and develop automated systems for indexing and extracting or assigning SUBJECT keywords-and in the larger perspective, automated classification-to use resources (financial, human, and time) for the ultimate goal of maximizing productivity, shortening the SUBJECT access path to resources for users, and facilitating the description process.

Part of the physical element (Actus Reus) is the SUBJECT of a crime upon which the criminal behavior is established. The SUBJECT of forgery are the objects that are used to state will in different legal situations. Documents and other forms of writhing are widespread examples of such items the state will mention in statutes related to forgery, but the state interest is not limited to those. Anything which is useable for this purpose has the same validity as a document and is considered a SUBJECT of forgery, whether or not it is declared is the law. The declarations of legislators with regard to documents, writing, seals, stamps, logos and punches are the refore exemplary. Each of these mentioned objects are not exhaustively considered as SUBJECTs of forgery, rather in the term that is useable as a real document, writing or seal is considered as a SUBJECT of forgery. In the case of documents and writing, both their form and content must be the same as a real document and writing. Creating false writings that are not useable in legal contexts both in their form and content, does not constitute forgeries.

the present study is applicable from the point of view, and the qualitative research method of the type of with the community includes members of selected categories in studies of township with targeted sampling. the method and means of gathering information, interviews and method of analysis of thematic analysis, of thematic analysis, of thematic analysis, of thematic analysis, of thematic analysis, and the difference between main and secondary themes. the sampling was carried the present study is applicable from the point of view, and the qualitative research method of the type of with the community includes members of selected categories in studies of نی township with targeted sampling. the method and means of gathering information, interviews and method of analysis of thematic analysis, of thematic analysis, of thematic analysis, of thematic analysis, of thematic analysis, and the difference between main and secondary themes. the sampling was carried.

Background and Aim: Balance disorder is one of the most common problems after stroke causes falling and fear of falling in some patients. The balance based video games are used in people with motor problems. The current study conducted to investigate the effectiveness of videogames on balance and fear of falling in patients with chronic stroke.Materials and Methods: This experimental study organized in a single SUBJECT system, A-B design for four patients with chronic stroke. This method including repetitive measures conducted in two phases, baseline and then twelve intervention sessions. Berg Balance Scale, Timed up and go, Functional Reach, Step test, the maximum weight bearing in different directions and the deviation from center were conducted for balance assessing. Fear of falling questionnaire was used to assess the fear of falling. The results were considered using C-statistic, Bayesian factor, Mann Whitney U, and visual analysis.Results: The results were significant for balance skills, the maximum force produced by lower extremities at different directions and fear of falling parameters but the deviation from center did not show distinct pattern.Conclusion: The results related to balance skills, the maximum force produced by lower extremities and also fear of falling confirmed the efficacy of videogames, however the deviation from center did not show any improvement.

The Online Public Catalog (OPAC) is an information retrieval system characterized by short bibliographic records, mainly of books, journals, and audiovisual materials available in a particular library. This is coupled with Boolean search interface and heterogeneous user problems for SUBJECT searching by end users. To perform effective SUBJECT searching in the OPAC system requires a wide range of knowledge and skills. Various approaches to improving the OPAC design for SUBJECT searching have been proposed and are reviewed in this article. The trend toward Web-based OPAC interfaces and the developments in internet and digital library technologies present fresh opportunities for enhancing the effectiveness of the OPAC system for the SUBJECT searching.

The Islamic economics SUBJECT and its scope have been studied in this paper. Three theories arise in this field:1. The Islamic economic SUBJECT like conventional economic is an economic phenomenon.2. Its SUBJECT is the economic behaviors of Muslirns in an Islamic society.3. Its SUBJECT is the economic behaviors of peoples in an Islamic society.It is believed in the third theory that the Islamic economics is universal and contains public scientific laws that enables this science to explicate human behaviors apart from its believe and values.In this article we corner to this conclusion that it is impossible to get a universal economics. We can attribute economics to Islam in two ways:1- through SUBJECT 2- through epistemology and ontology.If the SUBJECT of a science is the behavior of Muslim people in. an Islamic society, the result will be different even if the description and prediction method are as the same each other. It arises because the economic religion foundation of Islam, the Muslim intensive, ethics and Islamic law are different from capitalism. We should attribute the methodology of this science to Islam if its SUBJECT were not the economic behavior of Muslim people in an Islamic society.The economics methodology is based on ontology and epistemology of Capitalism that is different from the principle of Islam. If we can define a method based on epistemology and ontology in Islam and different from conventional economics then it can be asserted that Islamic economics will be universal. Islamic economics can describe, explicate and predict the matters in Islamic and non-Islamic societies via this method. But the different result will be the case when this method applies in Islamic and non-Islamic societies.

As there are different viewpoints about the evaluation of artistic works, and because the use of the term "responsible art" (honar-e-mota' ahhed) has become widespread only since a few years ago and sometimes it is used out of place and in-elegantly, so producing some rules and principles for the evaluation of artistic work which could be acceptable for most of the art critics seems necessary. These rules and principles can guide the seekers of pure Islamic art in their way. So in order to achieve this important goal, first the differences between SUBJECT & positions and their place-which are the bases of an artistic work creation - should be clarified. With reliance on this knowledge, it will be possible to determine these rules and principles.

In contemporary texts of Islamic logic, the “SUBJECT-obversion” has been introduced as a rule on basis of which one can replace the SUBJECT term of a categorical proposition with its complement and change both quality and quantity of the proposition. Thus from an A-proposition such as “all A is B”, onecan infer “Some not-A is not B”. Well, let's take that A is included by B but notvice versa, and B is most extensive universal such as “existent” or “thing”. In this case “all A is B” produces the contradictory of our favorite conclusion, i.e. “all not-A is B”. Therefore, the so-called SUBJECT-obversion rule, at least in A-proposition, is not logically valid.