In order to survive in the complex environment, budget programming or forecasting models have been criticized as inadequate for today’s business environment. Organizations have to use strategic planning to evaluate internal and external situation, then formulate proper strategies and implement them. The key to execute strategy is to have people in the organization understand it. Strategy map has a significant role in the strategic management due to describing strategies of organization and to help people understand strategies. Strategy map is essentially a graphical depiction of the causal model of an organization’s strategy then developing the causal model of the strategy is also important. This paper presents innovative approach to determine causal relationship and levels of strategic objectives in strategy map. For this purpose an interpretive STRUCTURAL modeling (ISM) based approach has been employed to strategy map. This paper also utilizes the Interpretive STRUCTURAL Modeling (ISM) methodology to understand the interrelationships among the objectives so that those driving objectives, which can affect others and those dependent objectives, which are most influenced by driving objectives are identified. It emphasizes that interrelationship among objectives isn’t only down to up, it is on both side. An actual example of a small case pipe and fittings manufacturing company provides some managerial insights into the methodology.

Estimating similarity is expressed in many domains and sciences. For instance, data mining, web mining, clustering, search engines, ontology mapping and social networks require the definition and deployment of similarity. User similarity in social networks is one of the main problems and has many applications in this area. In this paper, a new method is introduced for combining STRUCTURAL and non-STRUCTURAL similarity between users in social networks. In the experimental section, STRUCTURAL similarity algorithms are combined with non-STRUCTURAL similarity algorithms through the proposed method. All experiments are implemented on some part of the Twitter dataset. Experimental results show that the precisions of all algorithms are increased with the proposed method.

Soil-structure interaction is one of the most important and influential factors on the seismic behavior of structures, especially reinforced concrete structures. In this study, the effect of soil-structure interaction on a 9-story reinforced concrete structure with a flexural frame system designed based on low-risk seismic requirements and for nonlinear analysis with OpenSees finite element software in two different modes with rigid base without considering the interaction and with a flexible base, has been modeled and evaluated. The results show that due to the interaction, the base shear (with 12. 51 %), the shear within the floors (with 8. 42 %) and the amount of relative displacement (with 12. 83 %) are reduced, while the actual period of the building (with 15. 14 %) and the absolute displacement of the floors (with 7. 82 %) are increased.

The present paper is an attempt to offer a modified version of the traditional STRUCTURAL syllabus. To this end, the main criticisms of the STRUCTURAL syllabus are first reviewed on both sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic fronts. It is argued that the STRUCTURAL syllabus fails to provide language learners with the necessary equipment for effective communication and misrepresents the process of second language acquisition by depicting a linear mode of learning. The solution offered to remove this problem in the 1990s was that tasks, rather than grammatical structures, should playa pivotal role in designing language instructional materials. However, the idea of task-supported STRUCTURAL syllabus (TSSS) proposed in this paper calls attention to the possibility of teaching grammar through tasks. The paper is concluded by introducing the components that shape the TSSS cycle.

Criticism is an abstraction originating from the readers’ mental feedbacks and leading to the analysis of the texts. While some scholars see this the only way to evaluate literary works, criticism basically deals with diachronic (author-based and history-oriented) and synchronic (metaphysics of text and reader’s feedback) readings. Critical reading examines a text and judges it considering all its complex STRUCTURAL texture with the help of textual or meta-textual explicit and implicit elements. With such an approach, this paper, first, attempts to study the pros and cons of criticism, and then drawing a diagram for criticism, interprets it as an intelligent communications network from critics to texts and the world of textuality.

The theory of preparation of "Structure- Strategic Plans" was proposed by me at the beginning of my new profession as the Director General of Urban Planning Office, Ministry of Housing and Urban Development in 1990 and preparation of the "County Structure- Strategic (Development) Plans" (sub-region level) were started according to this theory as the first step of bringing changes in the urban development system of Iran. The second step for changing the urban development planning system was proposed by preparation of the "City Structure- Strategic Plans" instead of the Master (Comprehensive) plans (traditional system) and "Basic Detailed Plans", "Action Area Plans" and "Subject Plans" (local level) in 1997. I started preparation of the city structure- strategic plan for Tehran, when I was the Deputy of Mayor of Tehran for Architecture and Urban Development with preparation of terms of reference and selection of consulting engineers for all 22 boroughs of municipality of Tehran in 2001.Selection of structure- strategic plans as the title of the theory is because it is necessary to prepare the structure of economic, social and physical development of the county or city at first and then the strategies for fulfillment of those structures should be proposed. Action area plans and subject plans should be prepared according to the proposals of the structure- strategic plan of the city for those areas or subjects which are introduced in that plan as the implementable projects in the scale of urban design. Basic detailed plans are also prepared according to the proposals of the city structure- strategic plan for those areas which are outside of the action area or subject plans limits.The process of the preparation of the structure- strategic plans is quite deferent with other planning processes. The proposed process has spiral shape and it has 8 steps in each cycle as follows: First cycle: Preparation of STRUCTURAL– Strategic Plan, Action Area Plans, Subject Plans and Basic Detailed Plan.(First 5 Year) -Recognition, problem and difficulties analysis and considerations -Purpose objectives -Primary vision presentation -Presentation of various alternatives, their evaluation, best choice selection and final vision -Compiling of future city developmental structures -Presentation of strategies for city developmental structure fulfillment -Preparation of action area plans, subject plans and basic detailed plans. (First 5 Year) -Implementation of action area plans, subject plans and basic detailed plan and evaluation of implemented plans.Second Cycle: Revision of STRUCTURAL– Strategic Plan and Basic Detailed Plan and preparation of Action Area Plans, Subject Plans. (Second 5 Year) -Evaluation of development rate after plans implementation of first cycle -Determination of purposes fulfillment method and rate of economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical development -Revision and determination of final vision (according to economic, social and cultural, environmental and physical development) -Revision and determination of city future developmental structures (economic, social and cultural, environmental and physical structures) -Revision and determination of fulfillment strategies of city development structures -Revision of basic detailed plan -Provision of action area plans (second 5 years) -Provision of subject plans (second 5 years).