Introduction: 10 to 15 percent of the couples are infertile .In this respect, the use of assisted fertilization techniques is inevitable for those who do not respond to pharmacological treatments. Swim-up is one of those techniques that may improve the SPERM quality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of swim-up technique on the motion, density and morphology of SPERM.Materials and Methods: This is an analytic- experimental study conducted on 345 semen samples of patients who referred to Navin Infertility Center for Intra Uterine Fertilization. The number, motility and morphology of SPERM were evaluated both before and after administrating the technique of swim-up. The data were then analyzed using SPSS, version11. The statistical techniques of paired t-test, independent two sample T-test and ANOVA revealed the results.Results: The mean of SPERM COUNT decreased significantly after using the swim-up technique (48/14×106) versus before the swim up (55/92×106). As for the mean of SPERM motility, it was estimated as 55/6% before administrating the technique of swim-up, which increased to 92/3% after the swim-up. The results indicate that swim up led to the improvement of SPERM motility of grade A on a scale of 22/11±7/40 unit.Conclusion: After doing the swim-up technique, the normal morphology, motility and grading of SPERM improve significantly.

Background: Infertility treatment is important due to the high prevalence and destructive effects of psychological and social concerns of infertility. Intra Uterine SPERM Insemination (IUI) is a costeffective and noninvasive treatment method of infertility.Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between SPERM COUNT, SPERM motility, women's age and IUI success.Methods: This analytical study was performed on 55 couples, with 63 treatment cycles, in Kosar infertility center, Qazvin during 2009-2010. Basic information on women's age and their husband’s occupation was obtained through questionnaires. SPERM COUNT and SPERM motility were determined according to the WHO criteria. SPERM were prepared by swim up method and were transferred to the uterus with a catheter. After two weeks, the pregnancy was confirmed by urinary b-HCG test.Data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher exact tests and P£0.05 was considered significant.Findings: The success rate was 9.5% per cycle of IUI. No significant difference was seen between the mean age of women in both successful and unsuccessful IUI groups. The relationship between the mean number of SPERMatozoa, the mean percentage of SPERM progressive motility in the semen and pregnancy was not statistically significant.Conclusion: With regard to the results, women’s age and percentage of SPERM progressive motility could not be used to predict the success rate of IUI, accurately.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Genistein is a soya phytoestrogen having estrogenic effects. Phytoestrogen has been introduced as one of the elements of unproductively in some animals, but previous studies on genistein role in male reproductive system have shown contradictory results. Since no similar study has taken place in Iran, the present study has been designed for evaluation of genistein effects on male reproductive system.METHODS: In this experimental study, 30 male rats with 13 weeks of age and limited weight of 220 to 250 grams were selected. They were divided into six groups of 5, and different genistein doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 mg/kg) were injected subcutaneously on 14 consecutive days to male rats. After 24 hours animal were killed and then their blood testosterone, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), and (LH Luteinizing hormone) were measured via ELAISA method. SPERM COUNT and viability were measured through WHO protocols.FINDINGS: There was a significant reduction in FSH plasma levels among groups that were injected low doses of genistein while by increasing the genistein dose the inhibitory effect of reducing became slower (p<0.05). There were not any significant differences between other indicators.CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, genistein has an effect on FSH level of plasma and the functioning of male reproductive system.

Introduction: Varicocele is the most common cause of male infertility. Varicocele affects motility, COUNT and morphology of SPERMs, thus decreasing semen quality. Although there have been many studies on increasing semen quality after varicocelectomy, we evaluated the effects of varicocelectomy on morphology, COUNT and motility. In comparison to assisted reproductive techniques, varicocelectomy is a more cost-effective procedure.Methods: This prospective self-controlled clinical trial evaluated some 150 patients with proved high-stage varicocele. We analyzed semen samples before and after varicocelectomy for 4 to 6 months and compared the data.Results: Before the operation, the motility of SPERMs was suitable in 24 patients (16%) but it increased to 104 patients (69.3%) after the operation (P<0.001).Fifty-four patients (36%) had abnormal morphology before the operation. The number of such patients decreased to 29 (19.3%) after the operation (P<0.01).Forty-one patients (%27.3) had SPERMs with abnormal heads before the operation, which decreased to 19 patients (13%) after the operation (P<0.01).Seventy-six Patients (50.7%) had fewer than 20 million SPERMs per milliliter of semen, which decreased to 39 (26%) patients after the operation (P<0.01).Discussion: This study shows that varicocelectomy has significant effects on motility, COUNT and morphology of SPERMs. Among various indices of semen quality, motility of SPERMs and head morphology changed significantly after varicocelectomy.

Incidence of infertility is approximately 10-15% and intrauterine insemination (IUI) is the suitable method in cases of male infertility. This survey is done on 1017 persons among couples that were being treated with 1258 IUI cycles. The aim of this study was to investigate whether total motile functional SPERM COUNT (TMFSC) can be predictive of IUI success or not. In all patients after checking and preparing them for ovulation induction, Semen sample was prepared according to WHO with swim-up procedure and 0.8ml of suspension over SPERM pellet was used for insemination. The examination of SPERMogram and motile functional SPERM COUNT was done after SPERM processing. There was a trend toward an increasing percentage of conception with increasing total motile functional SPERM rate COUNT and the least of TMFSC was 20 106 for and with increased TMFSC, success of IUI will increase also. The overall pregnancy rate per cycle was 13.2% and per couple was 16.14% in the infertile couples. This study indicated that the causes of infertility have not any effect on IUI success rate. The duration of infertility has significant difference in pregnant and non pregnant groups.

Background: The present study aimed to analyze the prognostic value of SPERM morphology, total motile SPERM COUNT (TMSC) and the number of motile SPERM inseminated (NMSI) on the outcome of intrauterine insemination (IUI).Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out 445 women undergoing 820 IUI cycles. All of the patients underwent controlled ovarian hyper stimulation with clomiphen citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) followed by intrauterine insemination with the husband’s SPERM. Pregnancy rate (PR) per cycle in correlation to SPERM morphology, TMSC and NMSI was obtained. Statistical analysis of the data was done by the SPSS version 13 (Chicago, USA).Results: A total of 81 clinical pregnancies were obtained for a pregnancy rate per cycle of 9.9%.When the TMSC was 5x106 to< 10x106, the PR per cycle was significantly higher than the subgroups< 1x106, 1x106 to< 5x106 and ³10x10 6 (15%, 5.6%, 5.1%, 10.8%, respectively). SPERM morphology was in itself a significant factor that affected the likelihood of IUI success.Nonetheless, the most significant difference of the PR per cycle with SPERM morphology was in the subgroup<5 % (2.1% vs.97.9%).When the NMSI was³10x10 6, the PR per cycle was significantly higher than the subg roups<5x106 and 5x106 to< 10x106 (11.2%, 4.1%, 5.2%, respectively).Conclusion: The study showed that TMSC 5x106 to<10x106 and normal SPERM morphology ³ 5% and NMSI ³ 10x106 are useful prognostic factors of IUI cycles.

Introduction: To analyze the prognostic value of SPERM morphology and total SPERM motile COUNT of semen and the number of motile SPERM inseminated on the outcome of IVF.Materials and Methods: In this study 445 women, who underwent 820 IUI cycles, were admitted to University Hospital. Intrauterine insemination, with husband's SPERM after swim performed after controlled ovarian hyper stimulation with clomiphen citrate and HMG IUI was performed after HCG injection.Results: pregnancy rate (PR) per cycle in correlation to SPERM morphology, total motile SPERM COUNT and the number of motile SPERM inseminated was recorded. A total of 81 clinical pregnancies were obtained, for a pregnancy rate per cycle 9.9%. When the total motile COUNT (TMS) was 5-10x106, the pregnancy rate per cycle was significantly higher (48.1%) than in any of the subgroups with TMC <5x106 and TMC>10x106 (p=0.001). SPERM morphology was in itself a significant factor that affected the likelihood of IUI success. Nonetheless the most different of the PR per cycle was in the subgroup with SPERM morphology <5% (p=0.017). Number of inseminated motile SPERMs ³10x106 was significantly higher than the other groups (p=0.026). In this analysis, duration of infertility and ovulation significantly affected the result of IUI, but not age of women, men and kind of infertility.Conclusion: Our results show that 5-106 motile SPERMatozoa and SPERM morphology ³5% and number of inseminated motile SPERMs ³10x106 are useful prognostic factors for PR after IUI. IUI performed with higher numbers of motile SPERM does not lead to a significant increased in PR per cycle.

Introduction: Tamoxifen is a nonstroidal antiestrogen prescribed for treatment of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tamoxifen on testosterone level in the serum and SPERM COUNT in the epididymis of adult male Wistar rats.Methods: Three groups of rats received 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight tamoxifen dissolved in solvent (60% ethanol in physiological solution) for 30 consecutive days. The sham group received the solvent and controls did not receive any drug or solvent. 1, 12 and 36 days after treatment, serum testosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay and SPERM numbers in the epididymis were COUNTed.Results: Results showed that testosterone concentration in the serum and SPERM COUNT in the epididymis significantly decreased in groups which received tamoxifen compared with the control group. The most profound effects were observed in the first samplings of the group which received 600 mg/kg tamoxifen.Conclusion: These findings indicate that tamoxifen decreases the fertilization ability in adult male rats in a dose dependent manner and this effect disappears after a period of time.