Nanomaterials have achieved remarkable technological advances in bulk materials due to their excellent physical, chemical and biological properties. cerium oxide (CeO2 ) nanostructured doped with Fe ions is attractive due to improvement in redox properties, transport property and surface-to-volume ratio. In this research, Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by simple solgel method. The as-synthesized and annealed samples were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD ). The XRD result revealed the cubic crystal structure of Fe-doped CeO2 NPs. The FESEM images showed that the uniformity of the NPs increase with increasing calcination temperature. The TEM studies demonstrated the 20 nm uniform NPs.

Thin film of ZnO was synthesized on a glass substrate via SOL-GEL method. The crystal structure and surface morphology was studied, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The size of crystalline particles formed on the surface were calculated using Scherrer's equation and the X'pert High score software, and was estimated around 30 nm. Using synthetic coating, metal oxide gas sensors were fabricated and the sensitivity of the sensor to the two common gases of O2 and CO2 were analyzed. The results showed that the porous coating of zinc oxide is very sensitive to the gases. Also, the response time for the two gases, were calculated. Response time for CO2 was twice of the O2, and about 12 seconds.

The pure and 2% Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using simple SOL-GEL method involving an ethanol solvent in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG) as the stabilizer. The physicochemical properties were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) and photolumincense (PL) analyses. XRD analysis showed the tetragonal anatase structure in presence of Fe doping. The size of the nanoparticles (NPs) decreased to 29 nm by adding Fe content with less agglomeration. PL analysis showed that the intensity of photoluminescence decreases for the doped sample suggesting a decrease in recombination of the electron-holes pair. The UV-DRS analysis indicated that the band gape energy decreases to 3 eV for Fe doped TiO2 nanoparticles.

In the present investigation, a systematic study on the dependence of chelating agents on the size control of silver phosphate Ag3PO4 powders is presented. The effect of two different capping-ligands (monoethanolamine (MEA) and oleylamine (OLA) as amino-additives) is studied using solgel route. Structural and morphological characterization techniques were used to quantify the particles size and molecular bonding. Results show that oleylamine as a chelating agent is more efficient in controlling the size of the as-synthesized nanoparticles, especially in low concentration of Ag + precursor related to its long alkyl-chain preventing nuclei assemblage. This argument is confirmed by energy interaction calculation between Ag + cations and oleylamine molecules using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Finally, this investigation clearly demonstrates that the ratio between amino-additives (MEA and OLA) and Ag + is the key-parameter that controls the crystalline growth of Ag3PO4 particles thus leading to nanometric size.

In the present investigation surface modification of silica nanoparticles by alumina was carried out by solgel process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) confirmed the synthesis of silica and the surface modification as alumina is anchored to silica surface. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations observed that alumina doping affected significantly the morphology, particle size distribution and surface area of the synthesized nanoparticles. From N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms studies it was further noted that alumina doping improved the pore volumes of the synthesized silica nanoparticles and the synthesized silica alumina nanoparticles are mesoporous materials. The hydrophobicity test and thermal stability results confirmed the modification and conversion of silica to hydrophobic materials using alumina.

In this work we synthesized Nano hydroxyapatite (HAp) by Solgel method, Then we functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticle by use of 3-Aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS), to improve the loading and control release of sulfasalazine drug bonded to APTMS. The drug release patterns from Sulfasalazine loaded HAp nanoparticles at pH value 8 For 6h, Sulfasalazine loaded functionalized HAp nanoparticles (Sulfasalazine loaded HAp-APTMS) at pH value 8 as in the intestine for 48h. Moreover, the functionalized HAp showed relatively slower release rate of sulfasalazine compare with non functionalized HAp. because the strong ionic interaction between NH2 group in sulfasalazine in HAp-APTMS. On other side, the functionalized HAp loaded more drug than pure HAp. The synthesized nanoparticles and functionalized HAp characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and UV/Vis analysis techniques. Then the obtained material was studied in the simulated body fluid (SBF) to this investigated storage and release properties.

In this work, hydrophobic silica aerogels were synthesized using solgel method and drying at ambient pressure. The surface morphology, pore size, and the presence of functional groups on the surface of the nanoparticles were analyzed using FE-SEM, TGA, FT-IR, and EDX, respectively. After calcination at 500 ° C, the hydrophilic property of the adsorbents was evaluated by water contact angle measurements. The calcinated silica aerogels were used for adsorption of nitrate from aqueous solution in both batch and continuous processes. In the batch process, the effect of initial nitrate concentration, contact time, pH level, and adsorbent dosage were investigated. Results showed that the nitrate removal percentage increased with the decrement of the pH level and the initial nitrate concentration. On the other hand, increasing the contact time and the adsorbent dosage resulted in higher removal percentage. Accordingly, process optimization resulted in a nitrate removal of 92. 2 %. Furthermore, it was found that the equilibrium results were in agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model better than with the Freundlich model and also the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. In the continuous process, the effects of the input flow rate, the bed height, and the initial nitrate concentration were investigated.

TiO2-based nanomaterials are very effective for water and air purification and act as good antibacterial agents due to their unique physicochemical properties. TiO2 is a promising nanocatalyst because of its non-toxicity, chemical stability, and low cost. The wide band gap and rapid electron-hole recombination limit its performance which can be overcome by doping with metals and non-metal ions. Metal doping improves the trapping of electrons to inhibit electron-hole recombination and non-metal doping reduces the bandgap of TiO2. These doped TiO2 materials can be synthesized by different routes like the SOL-GEL method, hydrothermal method, precipitation method, impregnation method, etc. Among these, the Solgel method is reported as the best and most accurate for the synthesis of TiO2 particles in the nano scale range. Because it allows the incorporation of dopant ions at the molecular level with homogeneity and high chemical purity. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of as-synthesized TiO2 nanocatalysts can be well characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, FT-IR, UV Vis-DRS, TEM, BET, and PL. In this review article, we would like to discuss the advantage of the SOL-GEL method over other preparative methods of TiO2 nanomaterials and experimental techniques related to their characterization.

TiO2 and especially its nano-metric structure have many applications for environmental proposes. It can be used in mobilized or immobilized status, but its consumption is less in immobilized form and its process is economical. In addition, the environmental problems would be minimized. There are a few methods for immobilization of nano-TiO2 inside the process. The solgel method is typically applied for immobilization of nano-TiO2 on Pyrex and quartz glasses, but these two glasses are expensive. To reduce the costs, two different resins have been studied for immobilization of nano-TiO2 on conventional low cost glasses, but the glass coating and its surface preparation is very critical in order to increase the stability of catalyst and its life time. In this research, the immobilization process of nano-TiO2 has been studied, and the conditions of process and critical parameters have been delineated. Different experiments have been done to characterize the properties of prepared coating, such as hardness, and water resistance measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

This paper reports the luminescence properties and colorimetry of Eu2+ activated SrMgAl2SiO7 pigments prepared via a solgel method. Effect of calcination time on pigment properties has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectrophotometer. Furthermore, microstructure has been studied by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). By using scherrer equation, it was realized that the crystallite size of the synthesized powder increases as time of calcination increases and crystallite size of final product was estimated 30-40 nm. Investigation of luminescence properties, illustrated that Eudoped nanocrystals when exposed to 260 nm UV light, showed a uniform and relatively pure blue color that is related to the 4f7 ® 4f65d1 transition of Eu2+ in the phosphor lattice with color coordination (x = 0.187, y = 0.077). Furthermore, it was found that the color purity of the pigment increases as calcinations time increases.