The aim of the present study is to investigate the preventive effect of pioglitazone on colitis induced with dextran sulfate SODIUM (DSS) in rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 180-200 g were randomized into four groups. Rats of the 1st group received only saline and served as normal group. Colitis was induced in the remaining 3 groups by 1. 5% DSS administered in drinking water for 8 days. Group 2 received only saline p. o. for 30 days and served as DSS control group. Groups 3 and 4 received pioglitazone (PIO; 10 mg/kg/day, p. o. ) and sulfasalazine (SUL; 300 mg/kg) respectively for 30 days. All animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatment. Serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) were measured. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α ), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdhyde (MDA), were measured in colon tissue. Significant elevation in GSH levels and reduction in MDA and TNF-α levels in colon tissue were observed in pioglitazone and sulfasalazine treated group when compared with the DSS control group. Significant elevation in serum IL-2 and reduction in serum IL-6 and IL-17 were observed when compared with the DSS control group. Pioglitazone reduced DSS-induced colitis possibly via reduction of MDA, TNF-α , IL-6, and IL-17 levels.

The interaction of SODIUM n-dodecyl SULPHATE and thermophilic α -Amylase from b.subtilis has been investigated employing UV spectrophotometry and kinetics measurments.Spectroscopic measurements were implemented at λ=180nm over the temperature range (20- 105°C) in 0.02M SODIUM phosphate buffer pH=6.9. Kinetics measurements were also used at different temperature and over the pH range (2-13). It has been observed that 1), enzyme shows striking stability, 2), the interaction of SDS (as a potent denaturant) with α – Amylase has no affect on the stability of the enzyme in a temperature less than 90°C, 3), in the presence of SDS thermodynamics parameters, ΔH°m, Δs°m, ΔCP decrease more than 90°C and 4), kinetics measurements at 95°C show small decrease on the activity of α -Amylase in the presence of SDS.

The thermal denaturation of a-Amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been investigated in the presence and absence of SODIUM dodecyl SULPHATE (SDS) over the temperature range (293-373) K in 20 mM SODIUM phosphate buffer, pH 6.9, using temperature scanning spectroscopy. The presence of SDS caused the destabilization of a-Amylase resulting in a decrease in the temperature of unfolding with an increase in SDS concentration. The thermodynamic parameters for unfolding of a-Amylase were determined in terms of the two-state model, using the temperature dependence of the spectroscopic behaviour of the enzyme at 280 nm. The result from specific activity measurements in the presence of SDS is in conformity with the results from thermal studies.

In this paper, thermodynamic denaturation of human hemoglobin A derivatives (oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin) in aqueous SODIUM n-dodecyl SULPHATE as a function of pH has been studied. The thermodynamic analysis reveals that maximum stability, DGD(H2o),and minimum stability, DG D(hc), of hemoglobin A derivatives in aqueous SODIUM n-dodecyl SULPHATE is both pH and temperature dependent. Variation of activation parameters (DGD, DGD and DSD) in the transition region depends on the presence of salt bridge, hydrogen bonding, van der Waal forces, changes in solvation and polarity at the reactive centers, as well as conformational mobility of hemoglobin A and SODIUM n-dodecyl SULPHATE within the active sites. The thermodynamic denaturation of hemoglobin A derivatives in aqueous anionic surfactant is independent of the spin state of the protein.

Artemia Cyst is a kind of live food which has external hard cuticle which should be de membrane before usage. Artemia Cysts membrane can be eliminated with the use of capsule remover. In this study, in order to determine the most effective capsule remover, Cysts (Artemia franciscana)  were primarily exposed to 8%, 16%, and 24% levels  of chemical material including SODIUM sulfate (Na2So4), Aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3) and Aluminum acetate (AlC2H5O4) respectively for 10 minutes and Hypochlorite was used as the control treatment. After that, the Cysts with 2 g/l density at 27 ºC for 24 hours were hatched. The results showed that the most hatching rate (70 percent) was related to ALCOH3 and the least rate (21 percent) was related to Na2Co4 revealed a significant difference between them (p<0.05). According to the results, It is suggested to be used of Aluminum hydroxide in order to increase the efficiency of Artemia cysts (A. franciscana) hatching.

Kevlar is one of the fibers which is used in heavy industrial productions such as, shipping, military and weaving for reinforcement of composites. Initial polymer of Kevlar or poly (para-phenylene terephthalamide) is an oriented liquid crystal polymer. Existence of aromatic group in the main chain leads to formation of rigid-rod molecules in the polymer, high strength and high modulus in it is fibers.Impurities in the polymer lead to decrease in fibers performance. In this research, poly (para - phenylene terephthalamide) was synthesized from polycondensation of phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl dichloride in n-methyl pyrrolidone and calcium chloride (NMP-CaCl2) solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests were carried out to characterize chemical bonds and crystalline plates of the polymer, respectively. Concentrated sulfuric acid is a solvent of poly (phenylene terephthalate) therefore, this polymer was dissolved in concentreated sulfuric acid (96%) and the polymer solution was injected into the cylindrical tank contain water. Sulfuric acid was transferred into water and the polymer was solidified. After solidification, tensile force of vortex led to orientation of rigid-rod polymer molecules in direction of water rotation and long fibers were formed from the polymer. The fibers were broken to short fibers by the same force of vortex. The short fibers were dried. SEM images showed the regular particles on the surface of fibers. Results of FTIR and XRD proved that the regular particles are SODIUM SULPHATE salt. The effect of SODIUM SULPHATE salt as an impurity on the short fibers was studied.

Although the issue of cleaning and washing the historical textiles and fabrics has been proposed in the field of conservation and restoration for a long time, it is still one of the important and challenging issues in this field. Depending on different characteristics of detergents, the cleaning formulation for various textiles will be different. Having different additives and changes of formulation due to time passing, industrial and commercial detergents lack sufficient and proper conditions to be used in such field. Choosing a detergent which is proportionate to the conditions of the textile and its physical features, has good cleaning effect and does not damage the textile and create bad effects on its fibers in the long run should be considered by the conservator in his plan. Regarding the extensive use of SODIUM Lauryl Ether SULPHATE (Anion surfactant) in most detergents and its being available and economical, this research aims to investigate its suitability by investigating its advantages and disadvantages in the wet-cleaning of historical cotton textile. To reach such an aim, its cleaning capacity and damaging effects in the cleaning of cotton textile should be assessed. The method of this research is comparative-analytic and the data has been gathered via relevant experiments such as ATR-FTIR, colorimetery, tensile strain etc. The aged cotton textiles are washed by the detergent which consists of the under-study surfactant, and they are examined before and after washing. The results of this study show that it has no damaging effect on the cellulose and can be used in washing historical cotton textiles.

The purpose of this study was to separate and determine Nystatin in water, urine and plasma samples using a method based on SODIUM dodecyl sulfate (SDS) coated magnetic nanoparticles (nano-magnets Fe3O4) along with spectrophotometry which has been developed for to this end. Due to their excellent adsorption capacity and high chemical stability, nanoparticles can be modified by surfactants. The extraction efficiency of Nystatin can be affected by different factors such as the amount of adsorbent, pH value, eluent type and its volume, extraction time, and ionic strength; these factors have been further studied and optimized. The method was successfully employed for extracting Nystatin from water, urine and plasma samples under optimized condition. The linear response of the method was over ranges of 1-20, 1-18 and 1-15 mg l-1 and the coefficients of determination were 0. 991, 0. 994 and 0. 991; these desirable coefficients were achieved for of water, urine and plasma samples, respectively. In addition, it was tried to investigate the relative recovery in different water, urine and plasma matrices and subsequently the values of 99%, 98% and 102% were obtained. It could be concluded that the method employed here was conveniently fast, linear, efficient and economical for extracting Nystatin in water and biological samples.

Amine solvents are extensively used on an industrial scale for removing carbon dioxide (CO2). The presence of some additives in amine solvents has a desirable effect on CO2 absorption kinetics and also improves the absorption process. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles and the anionic surfactant SODIUM dodecyl SULPHATE (SDS) were used as additives to the amine solvent. The number of CO2 moles that were used (ng), the values of the diffusion coefficient (DAB), and the mass transfer coefficients of CO2 gas absorption in the amine solvent (Kc) were determined. Furthermore, the effect of the additives on the kinetics of CO2 gas absorption in the amine solvent was investigated. The results showed that mass transfer coefficients increased with a decrease in pressure and an increase in temperature as well as in the SDS and GO concentrations. The values of the mass transfer coefficient under different conditions varied between 0. 0311 and 0. 0587 cm/s. The molecular diffusion coefficient of CO2 in the amine solvent increased from 0. 000025 to 0. 000287 cm2/s with decreases in the pressure and with increases in the temperature and increases in concentrations of additives. The laboratory data were statistically analyzed via Design-Expert software using response surface experiment design and a historical method. A mathematical relation was proposed to estimate the mass transfer coefficients. Moreover, a mathematical relation was introduced to predict the molecular diffusion coefficient of CO2 in the amine solvent.