Introduction: Connection of socioeconomic status measures (such as income and education and parental addiction) to childhood leukemia are likely to vary with place and time. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between socioeconomic status and childhood leukemia.Materials and Methods: a case- control study conducted on 86 case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia age 0-14 years in Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd and matched on age and sex to 188 healthy controls. Data was collected by interview using a questionnaire.Data analyzed by chi-square test. Odds ratio (Ors) and 95% confidence intervals were used to measure the risk of childhood A.L.L associated with parental smoking, alcohol drinking & addiction.Results: There was a significant difference in parental education level (P-value=0, P-value=0.001), income status (P-value=0.001), father's job (0.002) between two groups. The risk of childhood A.L.L was associated with paternal smoking (P-value=0.001, OR=2.6, CI 95%, 1.5-4.5), alcohol drinking (P-value=0.003, OR=3.33, CI 95%, 2.7-3.9), addiction (P-value=0, OR=42.7, CI95%, 5.56-328.34).Conclusion: The results suggest that socioeconomic factors and paternal smoking and alcohol drinking are related to risk of childhood leukemia. It should be considered for planning support. Conclusion: The results suggest that socioeconomic factors are related to risk of childhood leukemia.it should be considered for planning support.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the socioeconomic inequalities in obesity and overweight in children aged 10 to 12 yr old. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on 2506 children aged 10 to 12 yr old in the city of Sanandaj, western Iran in 2015. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Considering household situation and assets, socioeconomic status (SES) of the subjects was determined using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Concentration Index was used to measure inequality and Oaxaca decomposition was used to determine the share of different determinants of inequality. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 24. 1% (95% CI: 22. 4, 25. 7). 11. 5% (95% CI: 10. 0, 12. 0) were obese. The concentration index for overweight and obesity, respectively, was 0. 10 (95% CI: 0. 05, 0. 15), and 0. 07 (95% CI: 0. 00, 0. 14) which indicated inequality and a higher prevalence of obesity and overweight in higher SES. The results of Oaxaca decomposition suggested that socioeconomic factors accounted for 75. 8% of existing inequalities. Residential area and mother education were the most important causes of inequality. Conclusions: To reduce inequalities in childhood obesity, mother education must be promoted and special attention must be paid to residential areas and children gender.

Background: Hookah and cigarette smoking have adverse effects on individuals’ health and therefore place a great burden on public health. The aim of this study was to measure inequalities in socioeconomic position to determine contributing factors on cigarette and hookah smoking in Iran. Methods: In this study, secondary analysis of the Iran’ s sixth national Surveillance of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (SuRFNCD-2011) was conducted for 10, 572 individuals aged 15 to 70 years old. Subjects were categorized into three groups according to their socioeconomic status (low, middle and high) in order to assess their inequalities using principal component analysis. At the end, the gap between the low and high socioeconomic groups was decomposed using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique. Results: The prevalence of cigarette and hookah smoking in high, middle, and low socioeconomic groups was 11. 8%, 13. 2%, and 13. 1% (P = 0. 158), and 2. 6%, 3. 3% and 4. 3%, (P < 0. 001), respectively. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition technique showed a lower prevalence of hookah smoking in high socioeconomic group compared to low socioeconomic group (P < 0. 001). The gap between the two mentioned groups was measured to be 1. 7%. However, this gap for cigarette smoking (1. 5%) was not significant (P = 0. 093). Conclusion: The finding indicates the importance of socioeconomic status in hookah smoking. After decomposition of the gap between the 2 socioeconomic groups, age, gender and education level were reported to be the major contributors to the differences observed between the 2 groups.