Current metropolitan buildings consider windows solely as sources of natural light and rarely provide for favorable views. This paper investigates the favorableness of window view towards the SKY. To this end, a literature survey including both cultural and evolutionary approaches indicates that SKY is a favorable view per se. A sample of working adults was then selected for survey. Their preference for diverse views was recorded. The results show that view from a window towards the SKY is significantly preferred to views to the cityscape and its built elements. After view towards the SKY, vistas including the city silhouette as well as the SKY are favored. The worst preferred views are those that look at built elements at a close distance.

Kashan is a historic Persian City located some 200 kilometers southwest of the Capital City, Tehran. Located on one of the important trade routes, this city has a historic bazaar with magnificent commercial architecture.The Amin-od-Dowleh Mall or Timcheh is one of the most beautiful edifices of this bazaar boasting a complex spatial composition under a vast brick dome with a richly decorated ceiling. This paper explains the results of a recent survey using laser and other photogrammetric techniques. The structure consists of three interconnected layers which present a symmetrical view of an otherwise irregular structure.

Mewlana Jalal al-Din Rumi is one of the most exuberant scholars of Iran. He has raised the Persian mystical literature to its peaks. His poems have always deeply fascinated the beart-burnt people of the world. His most magnificent piece of poetry in Mathnawi starts with what the reed has to say. He views the reed as a manifestation of himself and all other hurt people.He has selected the reed from so many musical instruments to show how the piper gives life to it and how similarly he takes his life from Shams Tabrizi. The whole long story of Mathnawi is the groan of the reed, making it massively figurative and associative rather than merely didactic and conceptual.The present paper elaborates on these issues.

A total lunar eclipse is conjectured to have in uence on the physical conditions of an environmental area, particularly on the brightness of the SKY. The phenomenon might also be relevant on weather parameters change on Earth, such as temperature, humidity and pressure, though a straightforward correlation is not easy to establish. This work mainly aims at measuring the brightness of the SKY and also meteorological variables like temperature, humidity, and pressure during the total lunar eclipse that occurred on April 14 and 15, 2014, by using sensors registering the variation of luminance, and a weather station. Analysis of the changes in the SKY brightness during all the eclipsing event allows for the observing conditions to be quantified and rated according to various international scales.

This paper aims at introducing characteristics of Nietzsche’s “Superhuman” as much as possible. Being principal subject in his philosophical activity, “Superhuman” is one of the most basic philosophical thoughts of Nietzsche. As a time-conscious and deep thinker, he has properly realized the meaninglessness of life in his time and society and therefore intends to pass the human being through “Nihilism” crisis like a compassionate and knowledgeable physician, opening a bright and desirable horizon in front of his eyes.Nietzsche’s brilliant plan to achieve this purpose is the destruction of all common beliefs and norms and “revaluation of all values” with a noble and aristocratic approach away from slavery-like degeneration. A big mission for which a prophet, called “Superhuman”, is selected in order to give the meaning to the meaningless life with his creative and strong will, resulting in happily aspiring of frequent repetition of life in the form of “eternal recurrence”. He also amorously embraces the current world with all of its deficiencies.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of brand attraction in identifying a customer brand on aviation. The instrument for measuring data in this research is a standard questionnaire which has been analyzed using the LISREL software. In order to analyze the research data, a structural equation model has been used to confirm or reject the research hypotheses. The findings show that brand prestige, brand distinction and memorable experiences have a positive and significant effect on brand attractiveness. has it. The brand's charm and brand distinction have a positive and significant effect on brand identification. But, contrary to expectations, the brand's social benefits do not have a significant effect on the attractiveness and identity of the brand. Also, prestige and brand wisdom experiences do not have a significant effect on brand identification. In general, the results indicate that brand attractiveness is not just about building trust in aviation brand management, but also considering the importance of direct impact And its intermediary on customer identification is an important construct in understanding how customers are developing brand communication.

Apposition is an artistic, rhetoric and aesthetic phenomenon that is based on dialectic collocation of contradictions. This feature is like distinct rhetoric in Quran that literary metaphors and beauty ingredients in all or some cases are coordinated with eloquence and fluency. This explains meaning and fluent understanding for the audience. Therefore the expression glory of Koranic texts is not limited to picture, eloquence or informing, but it manifests apart from these things as what embodied in opposition in order style.Accordingly, this study has tried to review and analyze the contrastive order of thewords “Arz and Sama”, (Earth and SKY), in Koranic discourse with consideration of cohesion theory in Halliday Systemic-Functional Linguistics. And through the provision of Linguistic-Stylic analysis of changing the arrangement style of these words, explains its role as a balance and semantic cohesion factor in Koranic genre. The research has been done through descriptive and analytical methods showing that the opposite collocation and so on, as appropriate, affect the beauty, cohesion and conceptual sequence of the text. Also Stylistic change in the opposite arrangementof the words ‘Arz and Sama’ is a combining problem that is justified by exploring the intertextual factors such as context of situation.Explaining stylistic changes in verses about topic and comment of these two words and changes from single to plural for ‘Sama’, with the review of situational context, is a scientific issue and it is a creative use of language solutions for cohesion with the concept of macro texture.

This article intends to survey the profound insights and works of Allameh Majlesi, the grand Shiite scholar. This Shiite scholar has translated a great number of invaluable hadiths from Arabic into Persian, including the great collection of Behar ul-Anvar, which consists of 25 sections dealing with different issues. He has also written a great number of books, entitled Tohid, Mera’at ul-Oghul, Jaram ul-Olum, Sireh Payambar, Fazael Amir ul-Momenin, Tarikh Fatemeh and Hasanein, to name just a few.

Extended Abstract Introduction Obtaining reliable environmental values in vast geographic areas is usually costly and difficult􀀝 therefore, the ability to predict unknown values or in other words, the use of better interpolation methods is very important. Interpolation methods utilize a set of different mathematical and statistical models to predict the unknown values. The similarity of the unknown points to the nearest known points or the principle of the nearest neighbor is the basis of interpolation methods, and how this principle is used depends on the selected model. In a general classification, interpolation methods are divided into two large classes. The first method is deterministic, in which interpolation is carried out based on determining the level of sampled points and also based on the similarities such as Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method or Radial Basis Function (RBFs). In the second method, interpolation is probabilistic – geostatistical, that is done based on the statistical properties of the sampled points. On the other hand, due to the growing increase in the problems of urbanization and urban heat islands, current cities need to have a detailed planning for future developments and preserving the quality of urban environment. Also, the geometry of urban valleys, which is defined by changing the height, length and distance of buildings, has a significant impact on the energy exchange and thus, the temperature of urban areas. But, this temperature, in turn, depends on a number of geographical-geometric factors (such as SVF) and meteorological variables. The SKY View Factor (SVF), as one of the usual indicators of describing urban geometry that refers to the amount of SKY observable from a point on the Earth, has become one of the most important predictors of UHI due to its applicability in the urban climate, its contribution to the spatial data, and the existence of available techniques. In the climatic studies, the SVF is also considered as an important geometric parameter due to its correlation with the local temperature performance and its potential importance in the urban design process. Although urban Climatologists know this indicator well, it is not that much known among the urban designers and planners. This issue has not progressed much in Iran and there are no reliable sources about it. Despite the fact that different methods and models have been introduced for interpolation of Point data, no specific method has been proposed for estimating this index. Hence, this study has empirically compared the interpolation models with an emphasis on the Empirical Bayesian 􀀗 􀀖 ، پاییز 􀀏 􀀏 􀀏 ، شماره 􀀐 􀀖 دوره 􀀆 􀀇 لنامه علمی-پژوهشی اطلاعات جغرافیایی 􀂐 ف 14 / Scientific-Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) Vo. 28, No. 111, Autumn 2019 Kriging (EBK). This comparison is important since EBK has automated the most difficult aspects of the construction of a kriging model. This is while in other Kriging methods, the parameters are adjusted manually to obtain accurate results. EBK automatically simulates and calculates these parameters through a setup process. In classical kriging, it is also assumed that the estimated semivariogram is a true semivariogram of the observed data. This means that the data are generated from Gaussian distribution with the correlation structure defined by the estimated semivariogram. This is a very strong assumption, and it rarely holds true in practice. Accordingly, measures should be taken to make the statistical model more realistic. Materials & Methods The present study is an applied research in terms of its objective and it is quantitative in terms of the data analysis method. The study area is district 6 of Shiraz Municipality (496 hectares). Due to the multiplicity of interpolation methods and techniques as well as kernel functions and model fit functions, about 138 interpolation scenarios arewereimplemented. Also, four indices of Root-Mean-Square (RMS), Mean Standardized (MS), Root-Mean-Square Standardized (RMSS) and Average Standard Error (ASE) have been used for evaluating the models. The input data (sample) contains 6157 points, measured at intervals of 30 m distances in the study area. These points are werecreated based on the SVF calculation software method and using the GIS base model in ArcGIS10. 6. Results & Discussion Out of 138 scenarios, seven scenarios with the lowest RMS values arewereseparately examined in detail taking into account three other indicators. Another variable called “ Neighborhood type” iswas added to the surveys in two standard and smooth modes. The results show that simple kriging and EBK have better results than the other models. Also, among the simple Kriging fitted models, the R􀀳 model shows better results than other fitting models. Conclusion Based on the RMS index, EBK is one of the best reliable automatic interpolation models (ranked second) for estimating the SVF. In general, based on RMS, MS, RMSS, it is the best automatic interpolation model for estimating SVF.