The present study was based on an economical, eco-friendly, and efficient method for the green synthesis of SILVER NANOPARTICLES in plant extract. This synthesis shows attractive characteristics such as; the use of inexpensive and available plant extracts, non-toxicity, eco-friendly biological materials, and operational simplicity. The extracts incubated with AgNO3 solution showed gradual change in color of the extracts to yellowish brown, with intensity increasing during the period of incubation. Characterization of synthesized SILVER NANOPARTICLES was made by UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. The SILVER NANOPARTICLES synthesized were generally found to be spherical in shape with variable size ranging from 5 to 30 nm, as evident by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The biosynthesized SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs) showed good antibacterial activity against clinical strains of two bacteria (E. coli, and S. aureus).

Background: Owing to their special properties, nowadays, NANOPARTICLES are extensively employed in most industries.Immediate effect, greater stability, and antimicrobial properties are among other significant and special factors of SILVER NANOPARTICLES causing these NANOPARTICLES to be utilized in most industries, including industries manufacturing medical equipment as well as household appliances.Studies have been undertaken since a few years ago to explore the detrimental effects of NANOPARTICLES on humans and such studies are being conducted increasingly.The present research was aimed at examining harms caused by SILVER NANOPARTICLES to male sex glands and sex hormones in Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: 75 male rats of approximately one month of age were organized in five groups of 15 rats (1 control group and 4 experimental groups). The rats in the experimental groups were fed SILVER NANOPARTICLES with concentrations of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg.After spermatogenesis (35 days), samples of blood were taken from the rats so that testosterone, LH, and FSH may be analyzed. Afterwards, the rats were dissected.Results: In general, the results obtained demonstrate a significant reduction in the number of Leydig cells in the experimental groups compared to the control one. Too, the results suggest a reduction in testosterone and a rise in LH, particularly, such a reduction and rise are significant in high doses (p<0.05); however, FSH showed no significant reduction.Conclusion: On the whole the results demonstrated that SILVER NANOPARTICLES disturb the functioning of sex hormones and disrupt the number of Leydig cells. This may affect the fertility potential in the laboratory animal.

There has been considerable interest in developing albumin NANOPARTICLES as drug delivery devices. Albumin is an important endogenous antioxidant due to its potential of acting as reactive oxygen species scavenger. On the other hand, toxicity of SILVER NANOPARTICLES had been demonstrated on cancer cell lines. In the present study, Ag NPs coated with BSA NPs were synthesized by SILVER NANOPARTICLES which were coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) via desolvation technique. The Ag NPs coated with BSA NPs formation was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Human breast cancer cells (MCF7 cells) were then cultured in the presence of the NANOPARTICLES to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Ag NPs coated with BSA NPs by the MTT colorimetric technique. The antioxidant activities of Ag NPs coated with BSA NPs were evaluated in terms of their inhibition of autoxidation rate of pyrogallol as superoxide. The effect of Ag NPs coated with BSA NPs on MCF7 exhibit a dose-dependent toxicity for the cell tested and the viability of MCF-7 decreased to 50% (LD50) at the concentration of 5 mg/mL. The IC50 value of antioxidant activities of Ag NPs coated with BSA NPs were 8 mg/mL which demonstrated that Ag NPs coated with BSA NPs were good superoxide scavengers. In conclusion, our data show that Ag NPs coated with BSA NPs had antioxidant and anticancer activities in MCF-7 cells.

SILVER nanostructures as an effective antibacterial materials were synthesized via three various hydrothermal, sono-chemical and microwave methods using water as a green solvent. Then Chitosan-Ag polymer based nanocomposites were made by a fast chemical procedure. The influence of power, temperature and time on the morphology and particle size of the products was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) approved that mono-disperse NANOPARTICLES were achieved using all three procedures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed preparation of pure products. The antibacterial behaviour of Chitosan-Ag nanocomposites was evaluated using degradation of E coli bacteria. The results show a nanocomposite with applicable antibacterial performance in burn wounds.

In the present work, we used doxycycline hyclate (DX) and tetramethylguanidine (TMG) for the synthesis of SILVER– SILVER chloride NANOPARTICLES (DX-Ag– AgCl NPs) as a simple method for the production of NANOPARTICLES (NPs). A new synthesis method for DX-Ag– AgCl NPs in aqueous medium, using the DX and TMG as a reducing and stabilizing agent, is reported. DX-Ag– AgCl NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The elemental composition and the crystalline nature of synthesized NANOPARTICLES were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, respectively. From EDX, it is confirmed that synthesized NPs contain elemental SILVER and chloride, and their crystalline nature was confirmed by XRD. The Fourier transform infra-red spectra showed the DX present in surface of DX-Ag– AgCl NPs. Synthesized NPs analyzed for antibacterial activity by agar well method against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Synthesized DX-Ag– AgCl NPs were spherical shaped and in the range of 10– 40 nm of size was observed from TEM images. In the crystalline nature, XRD peaks indicate the presence of SILVER and SILVER chloride in produced NPs. Synthesized NPs show potential antibacterial activity on Bacillus cereus KCCM 11773, Bacillus subtilis KCCM 11316, Staphylococcus aureus KCCM 40050, Escherichia coli KCCM 11234, Klebsiella pneumoniae KCCM 11418, and Proteus vulgaris KCCM 40211.

The active substrates in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy were prepared through selfassembly of NANOPARTICLES on functionalized glasses. Colloidal SILVER NANOPARTICLES (Ag NPs) were prepared chemically in two different sizes by reduction of AgNO3 using trisodium citrate and sodium borohydride. Gold– SILVER core– shell NANOPARTICLES were also prepared to compare between the optical behaviors of their SILVER shell and Ag NPs. Absorption spectra of NANOPARTICLES were measured by ultraviolet– visible (UV– Vis. ) spectroscopy, and their approximate sizes were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The core– shell NANOPARTICLES were approximately the same size as the largest Ag NPs (35 nm) and had the same maximum absorption wavelength. The potential of these substrates for detection applications was investigated with 1 M and 0. 1 mM solutions of Raman-active molecule of crystal violet (CV) dye. The Raman enhancement signal was recorded for 0. 1 mM solution with 532 nm laser wavelength, and the obtained spectra enhancement factor (EF) was calculated. EF values indicated that although the SILVER and gold– SILVER core– shell NANOPARTICLES had the same surface plasmon resonance, the substrate with smaller Ag NPs had the highest enhancement factor compared to other substrates, which was 9. 5 103, and the core– shell substrate even had a slightly lower enhancement factor in compare with the large Ag NPs.

The present paper describes the preparation and characterization of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Polypyrrole-SILVER Nanocomposite (PVA-PPy-Ag NC) films. The prepared films were conducting, freestanding, flexible, and robust. SILVER NANOPARTICLES (Ag NPs) were synthesized from an aqueous solution of SILVER nitrate using trisodium citrate as a reductant. The casting solution for the films was prepared by in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole. This was done in the presence of Polyvinyl Alcohol and suspension of pre-synthesized SILVER NANOPARTICLES. The absorption band at 424 nm in UV-Visible Spectroscopy of SILVER NANOPARTICLES confirmed the formation of Ag NANOPARTICLES. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that spherical Ag NPs were produced with an average size of ~ 25 nm. The morphological analysis of the synthesized PVA-PPy-Ag nanocomposite films was carried out using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). It was observed in the TEM images that Ag NANOPARTICLES were well dispersed and conjugated in the PVA-PPy matrix. The structure of the produced films was studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). X-ray diffraction analysis exhibited the crystalline nature of the SILVER NANOPARTICLES with a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure. The synthesized PVA-PPy-Ag nanocomposite films can be further utilized as potential material for the fabrication of gas sensors.

The aim of present study was to study bioinformatic interaction of SILVER NANOPARTICLES (Ag NPs) and L- Lactate Dehydrogenase enzymein Toxoplasma gondii to determine harmful effect of SILVER nanoparticle on the enzyme. In this study we used Metal Detector Predicts v2.0 software, DiANNA 1.1 web server, Molecular docking web server and 3D Ligand Site server, to analyze enzyme structure and Ag NPs inhibitory effect on its function. The results obtained from docking showed that free energy of binding from docking score for L- Lactate Dehydrogenase was -3.83 kcal/mol and inhibition constant (Ki) equal to 1.56 mM. Ag NPs may facilitate the interaction with Cysteine in 10 positions of enzyme. Ag NPs naturally interact with the membrane of pathogens and disrupt the membrane integrity, and SILVER ions bind to sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen of essential biological molecules and inhibit pathogens growth.

Researchers use bionanotechnology techniques as eco-friendly and cost-effective routes to fabricate NANOPARTICLES and nanomaterials. The present study confirms the ability of plant extract of Salvia spinosa grown under in vitro condition for the biosynthesis of SILVER NANOPARTICLES (Ag NPs) for the first time. The surface plasmon resonance found at 450 nm confirmed the formation of Ag NPs. Moreover, FESEM images showed that NANOPARTICLES had spherical morphology. Furthermore, XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the particles. FTIR analysis was carried out to identify possible biomolecules responsible in bioreduction of SILVER ions. Antimicrobial assay verified bactericidal activity of biosynthesized Ag NPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. According to the results, by growing the plants under controlled conditions, it is feasible to synthesize NANOPARTICLES with desired properties.