Background and aim: The most important factor in the success of restoration is marginal fitness. If there is not an appropriate marginal fitness between tooth and restorations it may cause carries in the marginal area because of the food and debris in the marginal area cause gingivitis and margin discoloring and in sever cases it will have increase of pocket depth and loss of attached gingival from this problem caused this research.Material & Methods: This is experimental research, the samples are 20 and there are chooses simple randomize. The mentioned marginal design were designed on a standard die by machines. Then impressions were provided from dies, and after making the restoration by electroforming method, the gap die and restoration measured by photo esterio microcope and T. Test.Conclusion:X`  SHOULDER: 24.42 X`   sloping SHOULDER: 13.92 P.value=0.05 According to the P-value in comparing between X`   of this two group of marginal design, there was significant difference.Results: According to the significant difference, have the difference act about marginal fitness metoceramic restoration and sloping SHOULDER have better marginal fitness than SHOULDER in electroforming method.  

Since the prevalence of frozen SHOULDER disease is relatively high and efficacy of its treatment is obscure, this study was undertaken of evaluate he effect of manipulation in improving the range of motion, pain and daily activities. In this study that was conducted between 1996 and 2002, 30 patients (9 male & 21 female) with mean age of 48 years (40-69) were under investigation. Patients were in the second stage of primary (idiopathic) frozen SHOULDER disease with the mean time of 9 months involvement and with 30% involvement in non-dominant side of the body. After average of 7 sessions of physiotherapy the patients were treated with manipulation under anesthesia and intra articular steroid injection in SHOULDER in Shohadaye Haftome-e-Tir Education and Treatment Center. The patients were studied with using clinical trial (comparing before and after treatment) ad with interview and examination. Then gathered information was analyzed through matched -test. After average of 9 months of follow up, from range of motion point of view, 60 degree increase in forward elevation of upper limbs, 26 degree increase in external rotation of upper limbs and 2.5 vertebral level increases in internal rotation of upper limbs were observed. Pain in 10 degree scale decreased from 7 to 1.5. Daily activities including wearing a coat, sleeping on the affected side and washing the back of body (while bathing) improved significantly. In no patient joint instability or recurrence in the same SHOULDER after manipulation or complications like fracture of humerus bone or rotator cuff tearing or dislocation occurred. The Results were f excellent or good in 29 patients. s a general conclusion it can be said that manipulation causes quick d noticeable improvement in movements, activities and pain and the patients become very much satisfied.

Background and Objective: Recent conservative management of sub-acromial SHOULDER impingement (SSI) includes general strengthening exercises, especially for internal (IR) and external (ER) SHOULDER rotators. Despite various studies, so far, there is no directly investigated for indicating the difference in muscle strength between patients with SSI and normal subjects. This study was done to compare the SHOULDER joint muscles’ strength in male students with and without SSI. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on Twenty-four students with SSI as case group and 24 normal students as controls. The subjects in both groups matched for hand dominance and physical activity level, completed isokinetic SHOULDER IR and ER testing. In the case group, 18 patients had the symptoms in their dominant and 6 patients in their non-dominant side. Both sides IR and ER of SHOULDER were measured separately using continuous reciprocal concentric and eccentric contraction cycles at speed of 60 and 120 degrees per second, respectively. Values of peak torque were compared between the case and control groups. Results: There was a significant difference between the two groups only when the symptomatic SSI SHOULDER was the dominant SHOULDER. Eccentric and concentric ER peak torque at 120 degree per second (22. 20± 7. 01, 11. 36± 3. 36), eccentric ER peak torque at 60 degree per second (20. 53± 6. 15) and eccentric IR peak torque at 60 degree per second and 120 degree per second were significantly lower in the symptomatic dominant SHOULDER case group in compared to the dominant SHOULDER control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Changes in eccentric and concentric peak torque in SSI group may be related to limb dominance, which may have implications for strengthening regimes. Therefore, clinicians and therapeutic exercise expertise may benefit from eccentric isokinetic exercises for SHOULDER IR and ER rotators in order to design a treatment plan for patients with SSI.

Introduction & Background: From 1381 10 1384 " Iranian calendar" using MRI 0/5 and 1.5 steals we have done SHOULDER MR Arthrograms with diluted gadolinium "1/200 dosage in 9cc of a solution". In cases of non diluted GD we have done also CT Ar-throgram "air-dye double contrast", because GD is heavier compared with iodine, "medallion cross board" dilated GD is used without air. Patients & Methods: We used T1, T2, and fat saturation pulses. T1 was a special protocol in coronal and axial views; 1/200 dilated GD is used and has been injected into joint space under CT guidance. Results: Thirty-two patients attended our investigation, 4 women and 28 men. Two cases of R.C. tearing, 2 cases of capsular tearing, 4 cases of labial detach-mints, 2 cases of small globoid, 2 cases of impinge-mint syndrome with no R.C. tearing and 20 cases were normal. We have done 45 patients with double contrast CT pneumogrpahy parallel to MR “Arturo-grams Conclusion: The impression is MR-Arteriogram in T1 looks like a joint with effusion in T2 images. Ortho-medic vision depends on his clinical findings and his interest for imaging. If you use undiluted GD sig-nevoid joint looks like pneumoarthrogram in CT scan "signal voided". And we have found MRI is superior to CT in R.C. tearing but CT is better than MRI in labial lesion. MR- Arteriogram results are best because we have studied all anatomy by conventional MRI beside orthography . 

Frozen SHOULDER is a chronic condition characterized by pain in the SHOULDER and restriction of movements in all directions.Some patients are left with long‑term limitation of SHOULDER joint activity with various severities, which results in reduced quality of life. Currently, there is a paucity of literature on the molecular biology of frozen SHOULDER, and the molecular biological mechanism for periarthritis‑induced limitation of SHOULDER joint movements remains unclear. Research in this field is focused on inflammation and cytokines associated with fibrosis. Repeated investigations confirmed alterations of specified inflammatory mediators and fibrosis‑associated cytokines, which might be involved in the pathogenesis of frozen SHOULDER by causing structural changes of the SHOULDER joint and eventually the limitation of SHOULDER movements. The aim of this article is to review studies on molecular biology of frozen SHOULDER and provide a reference for subsequent research, treatment, and development of new drugs.

Background: Proprioception is defined as the ability to detect the position of body parts and the onset and direction of joint movements. Proprioceptors are mechanoreceptors located in capsules, tendons, ligaments, muscles and skin.Patients with unstable and dislocated SHOULDERs have been shown to possess significantly poorer proprioceptive acuity. The aim of this study was to evaluate SHOULDER proprioception deficits in patients with SHOULDER impingement syndrome (SIS).Methods: 14 patients with SIS (age=44.07) and 14 healthy subjects (age=42.57) participated in the study. The patients were positioned seated. An electronic inclinometer was attached to distal and of forearm. The limb was rotated to the end of the external rotation. %50 external rotation range of motion was calculated as target angle. Then subjects were asked to actively reposition the target angle with eyes closed. The mean deviation from the target position was recorded as absolute error.Results: The absolute errors of right and left involved patients and the right and left sides of healthy subjects were 4.76, 6.38 and 2.49, 2.83 respectively. The differences of absolute errors of right and left between patients and healthy subjects were significant.Conclusion: Our findings reveal that SHOULDER’s sense of joint reposition decreases in SIS patients. These proprioceptive deficits may arise from disruption or loss of muscular and joint proprioceptive inputs into the central nervous system.  

IntroductionPainful-stiff-SHOULDER is a common complain among patients who referred to the musculoskeletal clinics. This study aimed to compare the impact of SHOULDER distension with the routine conservative treatments of frozen SHOULDER.Materials and MethodsThis clinical trial performed on 70 patients suffering from frozen SHOULDER who referred to the musculoskeletal clinic of Imam Khomeini hospital during 2005-2010. The patients were divided in to two sex and age matched groups consisting of 35 persons. One group received physio therapy along with Diclofenac Sodium 100 mg daily for two weeks. For the second group SHOULDER distension was performed in addition to the treatment of the first group. The amount of improvement in SHOULDER ranges of motions and pain reported by the patients were calculated in the both groups. The results of the two groups were compared using independent T. test.ResultsThere were higher improvements in SHOULDER range of motion in the second group at p=0.001. The mean pain reduction in the first group was 2.6±0.4 and for the second group was 5.5±0.4 degrees. It was significant atp=0.001.ConclusionThis study revealed that SHOULDER distension can improve the treatment of frozen SHOULDER significantly.

Introduction: This study was performed to compare the marginal fitness of sholder porcelaiin and SHOULDER with 45˚ bevel using a base metal alloy. Materials and Methods: 30 alluminum dies were made with CNC machine, 15 with 90˚ SHOULDER sesigh and 15 with 90˚ SHOULDER with 45° bevel design.After fabricating metal coping for each die, porcelain application procedure was done containing degassing, opaque powder application and baking, body powder application and baking, and glazing. For SHOULDER porcelain group, SHOULDER powder was applied in two steps before body powder application. The crowns were cemented on their dies, and then the specimens were embedded in Polyester and cut. Then the marginal gap was measured using a reflecting microscope. Mean absolute marginal discrepancy (distance between external angle of preparation and the crow margin) for SHOULDER with bevel group was 7.87 µm and for the SHOULDER porcelain group was 55.2µm.Results: The results were analysed using T-test. The statistical analysis showed that:1- The marginal fittness of both groups was clinically acceptable and 2- The marginal fittness of SHOULDER with bevel design was better than SHOULDER porcelain margin.

Background and Aim: Hemiplegic SHOULDER pain is a common problem that its prevalence varies from 48% to 84%. This disorder limits the patient’s ability to achieve the optimal function. The objective of study was to assess the relationship between hemiplegic SHOULDER pain with neuromusculoskeletal disorders in post stroke hemiparesis.Materials and Methods: This study was an observational-analytic that fullfilled on fifty patients with acute stroke. The post stroke period was 28 days. The following items were evaluated: SHOULDER subluxation with X-ray, SHOULDER spasticity with Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS), soft tissue injury with orthopaedic tests and RSD with clinical features.Results: Hemiplegic SHOULDER pain was present in 28 patients (56%). Seventeen patients (85%) showed SHOULDER subluxation, 18 patients (72%) had supraspinatus tendonitis, 13 patients (65%) had biceps tendinits, 4 patients (14.2%) had ACJ involvement, 3 patients (10.7%) had elbow flexor spasticity, 2 patients (7.1%) had SHOULDER adductor spasticity, 2 patients (7.1%) had SHOULDER internal rotators spsticity, 4 (14.2%) patients had RSD.Conclusion: Results from this study show that one factor does not play role in causing hemiplegic SHOULDER pain and this disorder is multifactorial. Prevention of SHOULDER pain and performing appropriate physiotherapy can play a role in improving stroke patients’function.