Engineered waste landfills separate the buried waste from the groundwater system and the above ground environment during and after the operational periods of the disposal facility. Liners of these landfills are of great import-anttce as they play a crucial role in minimizing pollutant migration and therefore preventing ground water contamination. Liners may consist of a locally available soil and bentonite mixtures. In this study effect of NaCl and MgCl2 solutions of various concentrations has been investigated.The mixtures were prepared with a local clay specimen from Varamin and a proportion of bentonite content of 10 % and 20 % of total dry weight. Laboratory tests including 1D consolidation for determining permeability and compressibility of the soil mixtures، liquid limit and free swell tests were carried out. Results indicated that both solution type and its concentration affect the properties of the mixtures. Comparison of hydraulic conductivity of different SALT solutions shows that the divalent cations have more effect than monovalent cations. Comparison of different SALT concentrations for a particular SALT on a particular soil mixture shows that the hydraulic conductivity decreases with decreasing SALT concentration. This decrease can be attributed to an increase in diffuse double layer thickness.

In a recent United Nations High-Level meeting, world leaders unanimously adopted a political declaration on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and stated that “the global burden and threat of NCDs constitutes one of the major challenges for development in the twenty-first century, which undermines social and economic development throughout the world”. “This meeting has made the world sit up and take notice of the huge global burden that NCDs are placing on all countries.... Countries now need to be urgently factoring NCDs into their longer term health planning alongside other pressing health challenges”. At the same meeting, SALT reduction, as a tool to reduce the burden of NCDs, received overwhelming support by the group of seventy-seven developing countries (G77) and the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM) countries.

In this study calf thymus chromatin was fractionated into active (S1and S2)and inactive (P2) chromatin. Then the interaction of an anthracycline antibiotic, adriamycin, with these fractions was investigated employing absorption and difference UV/Vis spectroscopy and SDS and agarose gel electrophoreses. The results suggest that the binding of adriamycin to the S1 fraction is slight but S2and P2 were considerably affected by drug action. In both cases the absorbances at 260 and 480 nm were decreased. As drug concentration is increased in the mixture, core histones are aggregated and coprecipitate with the chromatin. The extent of condensation in P2 is higher when compared to the S2fraction.

Introduction: Theoretical calculations of diffusivity into the solids are subjected to a lot of limitations. Consequently in most researches related to the molecular diffusion into the solids and foods, the effective diffusivities are measured by laboratory methods. In this research the effective diffusivity of SALT into the potato tissues was measured experimentally applying analytical solution of Fick's equations in mass transfer.Materials and Methods: The cylindrical samples of potato with 3 cm diameter and 3.5 cm height were immersed into the brine. The surrounding surfaces of the samples were covered by a suitable sealant in order to consider one dimensional mass transfer. Variations in brine concentration and consequently the rate of SALT diffusion into the potatoes were calculated by measuring the electrical conductivity of brine.Results: The diffusivity of SALT into the potato tissues is increased by increase in brine concentrations, but it won’t be remarkable increase at high brine concentrations. The SALT concentration in potato tissues reaches to equilibrium in 300 min and then no more diffusion will be occurred. Using the results of experiments and analytical solution of Fick’s law equations the diffusivity of SALT into the potato tissues at 24°C were measured to be (3.45- 4.39) 10-9×m2/s for 1-3% (w/v) brine solutions.Conclusion: According to the results of this research, Fick’s law equations in mass transfer and their analytical solutions represented by Crank give a precise explanation of mass transfer in solids. Furthermore, the diffusivity of SALT in the potato is independent of the variety of potato and consequently different researches have concluded similar results.

Domal structures produced by intrusion of SALT into rock strata, are one of the most important geomorphological unit of the earth surface in Iran. The main area of these landformes is folded and thrust zones of Zagros - Range and central - Iran. They are dated back from Precambrian to nebgene age. These SALT plugs are a mixed up & complex assemblage of various magmatic, sedimentary & metamorphic rocks which have been cut, replaced, mixed, disordered along up lifting. The occurrence of these Diapirs is due to the main stress from tectonic activity and buyonancy effect of SALT masses. There are exposed and hidden diapers in Iran and they have oval, circular, irregular dome, and etc. shapes. In SALT domes, solution is a dominant process in landform development with resulting production of Karst Topography. In many SALT domes, SALT has moved downhill on the form of the SALT flows or glaciers. SALT diapirs of Iran are a wonderfull landscape and they have economic significance.      

In Iran, as in most countries, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death (highest mortality rate), but rank third in terms of disease burden. On the other hand, the relationship between high SALT intake, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease has been proven. Food consumption pattern in Iran shows that consumption of SALT, pickled foods and SALTy snacks is common. Regarding the World Health Organization (WHO) target for SALT intake (about 5 g per day), the evidence indicates that Iranian people consume 2– 3 times more than the recommended amount of SALT. Fortunately, serious attention has been paid to this matter since 2009 and along with arrangements for it, support of all relevant sectors (public and private) has been included in the agenda. At present, reduction of SALT intake is among the major priorities of planners, policy makers, and experts of the Iranian health services system. On the other hand, many studies in EMRO have shown high levels of daily SALT intake in these countries. In this review, the solutions used in the Islamic Republic of Iran at various levels were considered, including determination of SALT intake measurement methods, revision in the amount of SALT in processed food products, food labeling, promoting awareness of various social groups, gathering support from all relevant sectors, designing a regular public awareness campaign for reducing SALT intake, and lessons learned in this regard, that can be helpful to countries in the region.

Background & purpose: Umbilical granuloma (U G) is a common lesion in the first few weeks of life. Traditional therapy is topical application of Silver nitrate stick by a physician. In this study the curative effect of common SALT of UG is reported. Materials &Methods: The parents of 50 infant with UG were given instruction to treat their infant at home. The treatment consisted of application of common SALT on the lesion 3- times a day and repeated for 5 day course. The cure and relapse and complication were under follow up for 6 month.Results: 100% case had perfect cure and relapse or complication was not funded.Conclusion: It is concluded that treatment of UG with common SALT is simple, cost effective, curative and safe without complication and need let a physician.

The data is concerned to the two sampling periods in Azar 1382 (December, 2003) and Farvardin 1383(April, 2004) is used to analyze the quantity and quality of Sari city aquifer and to prove the intrusion of SALT water of sea and fossil water. In according to correlation matrix between the master ions of groundwater in both cases, the most unity respectively is between the Cl and Na at measure of 99.9% and 97.2% in Farvardin respectively. The drawn cluster plots shows the dominance of Ca-Na-HCo3-Cl type in the both cases, as there is a similarity between ions of Na- Cl and Ca-HCO3 more 80% and 90%. By considering to the current research and to be sure assurance of intrusion of SALT water or fossil water, both method of Revelle and composite plots were used. The most proportion of Cl ions the basis of Revelle method on the sum of bicarbonate to carbonate refers to the wells number 6 and 7 respectively 0.806 and 0.553, in Azar 0.713 and in Farvardin 0.507, and the lowest quantity in both cases refer to the well No.3, which are called Tangeh Lateh in south of Sari, by 0.806 measure. The drawn composite plots of master ions represent the linear procedure between Na and Cl, which are the rest of ions follow the occasional procedure. It shows that the mixture of SALT water (containing Na and Cl ions) and soft water happens with different proportions.