Background & Purpose: SALT and pepper change is the retinal change that occurs in human retina and its cause is not entirely known. In the present study, the retina of patients infected with Giardia lamblia living in Tehran was examined for presence of "SALT and pepper" retinal change. Methods& Patients: 50 girdiasis patients were selected as study group and 50 healthy individuals as control group. The retina of two groups was tested by ophthalmologist. White blood cells and eosinophila percentage were counted in haematology lab. For measurements of IgA and IgG Levels, SRID technique, and for IgE level, ELISA technique was applied. Results & Conclusion: The results indicated, six patients of study group showed "SALT and pepper" retinal change in their eyes. When the patients treated with metronidazole, the ocular change disappeared in three of them. In addition, eosinophila percentage, IgA, IgE and IgG levels in the infected patients were found increased significantly in comparison with control group. Meanwhile, among patients with ocular change and without ocular change the differences of eosinophila percentage and IgE levels were found significant, According to IgA and IgG levels, no significant difference between two groups were observed.    

The relation between dietary sodium intake and hypertension is not a new concept and many epidemiological studies and laboratory findings have demonstrated it, this study investigated blood pressure changes during this regimen. Patients whose mean blood pressure on sixth day of the high-sodium diet exceeded by 13 mmHg or more than that of day six of the low-sodium diet, were classified as "SALT-sensitive "and others as "SALTresistant" . We determined the lithium clearance to know whether or not there was a correlation between SALT-sensitivity without sodium manipulation. Measurements of lithium clearance in these patients confirmed that SALT-sensitives had significantly lower lithium clearance (9.27±4.37) than SALT-resistants (20.75±9.86) (P<0.05). Since the lithium clearance is a method for assessing tubular sodium and water reabsorption, our results advocate this hypothesis that sodium sensitivity in the hypertensive is related to dysfunction of the proximal tubules, it is predicted that lithium clearance could be used as determinant of SALT-sensitivity without sodium manipulation.

Background: Iodization of SALTs consumed is the best iodination procedure in many countries of the world. Also, in addition to iodization of SALT, the purity and free from heavy metals to there is essential. The aim of this study is evaluation of consumption of refined iodized SALT, sea SALT and rock SALT in urban households of Astara city.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2014 year. For this work questionnaire consisted of 5 questions about type of SALT consumed for cooking and table was prepared and were randomly completed by 250 women referred urban health centers in Astara city, then the analysis was performed.Results: The results of this study showed that from 250 women referred to the health centers, 4 women (1.6%) were consumed sea SALT for cooking and table, 6 women (2.4%) were consumed rock SALT for cooking and table and 240 women (96%) were consumed iodized refined SALT for cooking and table.Conclusion: The results of this study have been showed that the percentage of people uses sea SALT and rock SALT for cooking and table. Unfortunately, some jobber have extensive publicity about the health benefits of this type of SALT (sea SALTs and rock SALTs), that there are unreal and considered as serious threat for human health.Given that these SALTs are lack of iodine and also are unrefined, so with the increased use of these SALTs, goiter and other diseases caused by iodine deficiency affect the community. Thus, in order to increase the effectiveness of IDD programs, more education about the importance of consumption of iodized SALT specially refined iodized SALT in appropriate amount, proper procedure of storing and SALT consumption and proceeding in the proper production and distribution of SALTs is necessary.

Salinity is one of the most important limitation factors in development of agricultural products. Cotton has a relative tolerance to salinity; however, salinity reduces its growth during germination and seedling stages. In this research, split-factorial design of time based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used. The real-time PCR results for, root, stem, and leaves of 14-day cotton seedlings of tolerant (Sepid) and sensitive (Thermus14) cotton cultivars with salinity levels from 0 to 16 ds. m-1 were analyzed at three time points, namely 0, 7 and 14 days after salinity stress. Selected genes for Real Time PCR reaction in current study were selected using Cytoscape 3. 3. 0 software. Results showed that the selected genes GhERF2, GhMPK2, GhCIPK6, GbRLK, GhNHX1, GhGST, GhTPS1 and Gh14-3-3 have positively responded to salinity stress and their expression in the root was higher than in stem and leaf. Moreover, the expression of tolerant genotype (Sepid) was higher than the sensitive cultivar (Thermus 14) one, however, a slight increase in sensitive genotypes was observed in a number of genes (GhERF2 and GhGST) 14 days after starting the stress treatment.

In the present study, the problems of SALT solution sedimentation on heat exchangers, their modelling procedure, and the heat exchanger fouling removal methods based on the related published investigation are reported. The SALT solutions are used in many technological industries, and the sedimentation of stable SALTs is the main limitation of using them, especially in the high-temperature liquid-vapor system. The methods of these SALTs removing is online and offline fouling cleaning. Each of these methods has their advantageous and disadvantageous. In the practical application, there are multiple criteria considering different conditions. Although, based on the heat exchanger design condition, the solid SALT sedimentation decrement can be improved the system fouling problems.