Background and Aim: Today several materials have been used for Root- end filling in endodontic surgery. Optimal properties of Pro Root MTA in in-vitro and in-vivo studies have been proven. On the other hand, based on some studies, Root MTA (Iranian Pro Root MTA) and Portland cement are similar to Pro Root MTA in physical and biologic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial leakage (amount and mean leakage time) of four Root- end filling materials. Materials and Methods: In this experimental in-vitro study, seventy six extracted single- Rooted human teeth were randomly divided into six groups for Root-end filling with gray Pro Root MTA, white Pro Root MTA, Root MTA (Iranian Pro Root MTA), Portland Cement (type I) and positive and negative control groups. Root canals were instrumented using the step- back technique. Root- end filling materials were placed in 3mm ultra sonic retro preparations. Samples and microleakage model system were sterilized in autoclave. The apical 3-4 mm of the Roots were immersed in phenol red with 3% lactose broth culture medium. The coronal access of each specimen was inoculated every 24h with a suspension of Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10556). Culture media were observed every 24h for color change indicating bacterial contamination for 60 days. Statistical analysis was performed using log- rank test with P<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: At the end of study 50%, 56.25%, 56.25% and 50% of specimens filled with Gray Pro Root MTA, White Pro Root MTA. Root MTA and Portland Cement (type I) had evidence of leakage respectively. The mean leakage time was 37.19±6.29, 36.44±5.81, 37.69±5.97 and 34.81±6.67 days respectively. Statistical analysis of data showed no significant difference among the leakage (amount and mean leakage time) of the four tested Root- end filling materials (P=0.9958). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there were no significant differences in leakage among the four tested groups at 60 days. The results suggest that Root MTA and Portland Cement can be used as less expensive Root filling materials.

Background and Aim: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a material used in many endodontic problems.Recently a number of studies have reported that Portland Cement (PC) and MTA have similar physical, chemical and biologic properties. In addition, a material known as Root MTA which is produced in Iran has been claimed to have similar properties to Pro Root MTA. If these claims are true, possible use of PC and Root MTA in clinic instead of Pro Root MTA will be quite cost effective. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of Pro Root MTA, Root MTA and Portland Cement on L929 mouse fibroblasts.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 0, 4, 24 hours and 7 days' extracts of materials were transferred to cell culture plates containing L929 fibroblasts. After 24 hours incubation, cells were stained by Neutral Red (NR), and optical density (OD) of each cell was read with ELISA reader. Data were analyzed using Tukey HSD and one way analysis of variance. P<0.05 was considered as the level of significance.Results: In all surveyed groups and negative control group, at all time points separated cells from the base of the well were round. Refraction which is a characteristic of cellular death was not observed, whereas the separated cells from the base of well in positive control group showed refractional characteristic.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study Pro Root MTA, PC and Root MTA have the same biocompatibility. PC seems to have the potential to be used in the same clinical situation as MTA. However in order to replace MTA with these less expensive materials more in vitro and in vivo studies are suggested.

Background and Aim: The goal of endodontics is to seal the Root canal system from the orifice to apical constriction completely and tridimensionally. Hence perforations during Root canal therapy, because of caries or resorptions must be sealed and obturated with ideal materials. The aim of this study was to histologically compare two kinds of mineral trioxide aggregate Root MTA and Pro Root MTA for furcal perforation repair in developed teeth in dog. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, thirty teeth consisting of second, third and fourth mandibular premolars of five German shepherd dogs were selected. Twenty-four teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups (6 teeth each). One pair of Root MTA and Pro Root MTA groups studied in one month and the other in three months intervals. Positive and negative control groups was each contained three teeth. In positive control group, perforations were not treated and negative control group contained intact teeth. In experimental groups perforations repaired after one week exposure to oral cavity with Root MTA or Pro Root MTA. After time intervals animals were subjected to vital perfusion and 6 mm histologic sections were prepared. Inflammation and hard tissue formation were ranked by Cox criteria. Data were analysed using Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square statistical tests with P<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: There was statistically significant lower inflammation and higher hard tissue formation in three months Root MTA and Pro Root MTA groups compared to one month interval (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in inflammation and hard tissue formation between Root MTA and Pro Root MTA in each intervals (P>0.05). Conclusion: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate is an adequate material for furcal perforation repair in dog’s teeth. Root MTA could be a good substitute for Pro Root MTA considering the lower cost and similar characteristics.

Background and Objective: One of the great challenges in dental practice is Root perforation sealing. At present time, there are two therapeutic methods for perforation, filling and surgical removal of affected area. In this in vitro study, we compared the sealing ability of two implanted materials, Iranian domestic Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (Root MTA) and foreign (Pro Root MTA).Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 58 selected maxilary and mandibular molar teeth were assigned into four experimental groups of 13 teeth and 2 groups of three teeth as control. Availability of the cavities was assessed prior to perforating of the furcal areas utilizing a No. 2 round bur. The defects were then filled using foreign MTA (Pro Root) and Iranian MTA. All of the subjects were incubated for 72 hours. In the next step, nail polish was applied in two layers to the surfaces of the teeth, except for the perforation areas and coronal portions which were filled with Amalgam. Once the nail polish dried, they were placed into 2% fuchsine solution for 12 hrs. The teeth were then mesiodistally resected using 72mm disk and evaluated separately by two endodontists using a stereomicroscope with a magnification of x 20. Data were analysied by T-test and ANOVA.Results: Results indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding dye leakage (p=0.025). Pro MTA showed a lower leakage compare to Iranian MTA (Root MTA).Conclusion: The quality of Root MTA as a filling material may need to be improved in order to gain enough qualification as an alternative to Pro Root MTA.

Background and Aim: Several agents were used for pulpotomy in primary molars. Formocresol is the most common drug in this procedure. In some studies it has been shown that, this material has potential some side effects, so it is essential to find other alternatives. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiographic success rates of mineral trioxide aggregate and formocresol.Materials and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, 70 carious primary teeth of 4 to 7-year-old children were pulpotomized, and remaining pulp was dressed with Root MTA and formocresol. The clinical and radiographic follow up evaluations were performed at 6, 12 months by a blind dentist. The data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test.Results: At the end of 1-year follow-up period, in formocresol group sinus tract and tenderness to percussion were seen in 2 teeth, internal resorption was seen in 1 tooth, and furcation radiolucency was seen in 2 teeth. Clinical and radiographic signs of failure were not seen in any case of (Iranian) Root MTA group.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, Iranian MTA can be used for pulpotomy in primary molars.

Statement of problem: Perforation is one of the most important problems which may occur during Root canal therapy. To repair the perforation and to cut the relation of the Root with the tissue of its peripheral environment, materials with adequate sealing ability and suitable price are needed.Purpose: The aim of this study was to survey the micro leakage of the three materials in the restoration of lateral perforations in the Roots of the teeth.Materials and method: In this experimental study, 54 intact molar teeth were selected and assigned randomly to three groups. Canals were prepared with step back technique and perforations were made at the apical third of the Roots. The cavities were restored with MTA, Root MTA and Portland Cements type 1. The positive control group was subjected to perforation but no perforations were made in the negative control group. The teeth were covered with two layers of nail varnish restoring in 2% fushin solution for 24 hours after incubation. The teeth were sectioned and their leakage was measured by stereomicroscope. The records were analyzed by one- way ANOVA and LSD (Least Square Differences) test.Results: In the positive group dye was completely entered in all perforation areas while no leakage was observed in the negative group. The statistical test showed no significant difference between MTA and Root MTA groups in terms of leakage (p>0.05). But MTA and Root MTA had significant differences with Portland cement (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, Root MTA may be considered as a substitute for Pro Root MTA in Root canal treatment; however, using Portland type I cement needs more investigations.

Purpose: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is one of the new materials that was introduced for apicectomy at first but today is used for many purposes in endodontics. This study is done due to the importance of economical points in dental materials and decreasing the dental fees and to use new products. The aim of this study was to compare tissue reaction of foreign MTA (proRoot) and Iranian MTA (Root) by subcutaneous implanted tube in rat.Methods & Materials: Fifty four rats were divided into four groups of experiments (40 rat) and 2 groups of control (14 rat). In experimental groups two isolated regions were incised to implant two polyethylene tubes filled with Root and ProRoot, and in control groups two empty tubes were implanted. Animals were sacrificed after 7 and 30 days. After histopathologic preparation, H&E staining, samples were evaluated for the thickness of capsule, intensity, type and extention of inflammation and necrosis. The results were analysed by chi-square.Results: There was no statistical difference in the tissue reaction between Root and pro Root.Conclusion: Root is a biocompatible material as ProRoot.