This article, criticize student’s dissertations in Representation studies filed. In this research, we reviewed all other majors that are related to our subject. In addition to cultural studies’ dissertations, we examined the dissertations in communication, sociology and anthropology as well.Our main question is that, how this research applies the method of Representation and more importantly, how we can apply the method of Representation on the student’s research. To what extent we can follow that trace of power (biases) in “critical research” itself. The results demonstrate the Representation studies in Iran, practice through the two ways as part of ideological state apparatuses. First, with reinforcing cultural clichés and second, overlooking some subjects that have not priority for the powers. In the first case, the subordinate groups such as women, youths, race minorities that beforehand have become “cultural cliche” by media for a second time are becoming “research cliché” by universities and research centers. Another form that displays how Iranian cultural studies tied up with the power interests is to conceal a series of research topics. Some issues related to ethnic minorities or immigrants underemphasized and other matters totally disregard such as religious or sexual minorities. In conclusion, while cultural studies that was supposed to be the advocate of subordinate groups, in practice more marginalized muted people; and hence as a form of knowledge exercises its power.

Most of the literature about philosophy of science in the last decade is devoted to the scientific Representation. In this paper, both non-cognitive and cognitive as the main two approaches to the scientific presenting will be reviewed. In the first part, the scientific Representation of the elements involved in it, regardless of the two approaches, are introduced. The second part deals with the Representation of the non-cognitive theories, theories that "resemble" the basis of Representation are defined. This section is divided into three patterns: the continuation of the concept of similarity (identity component, uniformity, and uniformity in part), which is defined based on the Representation process. The third section is devoted to criticism of the cognitive approach. According to these critics, the similarity is neither necessary nor sufficient condition of its Representation. Definition of the relationship between cognitive Representations is provided at the end of this section. Finally, the fourth section we will Gyyry Hybrid Theory, which attempts to accommodate both the similarities and cognitive aspects. We will argue that his definition of Representation is circular.

The definition and basis of legal Representation in justice should be sought in its previous sciences and in the discussions of "normative legal philosophy". In proxy, proxy and permission from another is important, which is based on the intellectual, moral and social foundations of nations in the history of civilization. In this article, an attempt is made to find the roots of one of the foundations of normative legal philosophy that is related to the field of mysticism, which is trust and mystical Representation, and the place of Representation in mystical and legal intellectual foundations is taken into consideration and in comparison with legal Representation, the role of intellectual, spiritual and moral fields in judicial sciences should be explored and with the library method and by referring to the primary sources of these two disciplines, to clarify the conclusion that Representation has a wide meaning, a branch of which is rooted in mysticism and it is also based on trust. From the legal point of view, the ethical condition, respect for the client's interest, trustworthiness and keeping secrets are observed in it.

Dissimilarities among the reality and what is represented in media caused to efforts to explain how-ness and why-ness of what is called media Representation of the world. Therefore, media Representation has been on board in Cultural and Media Studies. Cultural Study presupposes that what should one focus on in exploring media texts are the underneath ideological and social elements, and their influence on the audience’s views. Hollywood, among other media productions, enjoys a distinguished, unique status in representing the world. The present study reviews “a discourse-within-a-discourse”. In the other words, Iran’s Representation would be explored as a part of representing Orient (or Islam) in the western media. Here, Hollywood–as a media-within-mass-media- represents American Media in general. Reviewing movies produced in Hollywood within which Iran is represented, she is represented as the “subaltern other”. Thus, it could be said that Hollywood generally works in the “neo-racist” theoretical framework. In this study, 3 theoretical traditions; namely the Cultural Studies, Post-Colonial Studies, and Film Theory have been applied. The central “Representation” concept in the present study is a combined derivation of Michel Foucault and Stewart Hall’s theories. Then, Edward Said’s ideas in Post-Colonial Studies would be explored. And finally, Film Theory would help to apply the concept of Representation besides the Post-Colonial Studies in Film Studies.

In this study, the researcher chose three different vocabulary techniques (Visual Representation, Textual Enhancement, and Glossing) and compared them with traditional method of teaching vocabulary. 80 advanced EFL Learners were assigned as four intact groups (three experimental and one control group) through using a proficiency test and a vocabulary test as a pre-test. In the visual group, students used flashcards; in the textual enhancement, every synonym and antonym were highlighted and numbered and in the glossing group new vocabularies were numbered and their explanations were provided in the margins or footnotes. Students in the control group learned vocabulary through traditional way by meaning explanation, translation, or providing synonyms and antonyms. All the other three groups had the same procedure as control group but besides these processes they had access to visual, textual, or glossing techniques, too. The results showed that in the posttest, all three experimental groups outperformed the control group. However, the highest improvement in both post-test and delayed post-test was for glossing group. As a whole, we can say improvement in vocabulary learning was respectively for glossing, then visual, and finally textual enhancement. Therefore, it can be concluded that using pictorial, textual cues and glossing enhance their interlanguage system.

The main object of the present thesis is to understand the Representation of the "Second Wife" in Iranian cinema in the past two decades. To achieve this goal, we have overwied the theoretical concepts of Representation and cinema as a medium of Representation. We used qualitative analysis and semiology technic in this thesis. Based on the pattern of Selby and Cowdory we have analyzed the technical codes. The refrences and implications in the movies have been found by Barthes narrative codes. By focusing on these patterns, which were tried in four films: "Shokaran", "Zan-e Dovom", "Pato zamin nazar" and "zandegi-e khosousi" that have been choosen on purpose; the second wife character has been analyzed. And the cinematic Representation and the stereotypes of the second wife is revealed. By results of this study it can be said that the stereotypes like "find emotional support", "modern woman", "divorced woman", "seduction", " guiltless and innocence", "solitude", "motherhood", "religion", "secret relationship" and "dishonor" are the major stereotypes were raised in these films. In these film the second wife, though often initially appeared as a seductive and glamorous woman, gradually is seeking for being a real wife and start a family. Finally in Representation of second wife in relationship we assumed that the second wife is guilless and innocent. In second marriage we blame the married man for starting the relationship.