Aims The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) has been one of the most effective, the safest and cost-effective methods for preventing pregnancy, for a long time. However, some complications have been reported for IUDs. The complications may be reduced by using a specific TECHNIQUE for placement of IUD. The objective of this study was to introduce the rotating withdrawal TECHNIQUE for the first time, which was investigated to reduce the complications of IUD insertion. Materials & Methods This historical cohort study was conducted on 1199 females who referred to Sarem Medical Center for IUD insertion from 1984 to 1995. After primary examinations, IUD was inserted by rotating withdrawal TECHNIQUE. The subjects were followed up for 2 years. Findings Displacement was observed just in 20 cases (1. 67%). All of them were seen in the first month after placement. For these cases, IUD insertion was done again. After the second replacement, displacement was observed in 4 cases (0. 035%) after one month. Therefore, it was recommended to them to use another preventive method. There was no pregnancy or displacement in the other cases during 2 years. Conclusion The rotating withdrawal TECHNIQUE can minimize the pregnancy rate when IUD is used. In addition to the type and quality of IUD, insertion method of IUD can increase its effectiveness.

Purpose: Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly that includes defi cient ventral structure of the penis. Proximal hypospadias cases make up 20% of all hypospadias cases. The choice of operative TECHNIQUE for hypospadias repair depends on the severity, and it is influenced by the surgeon’ s experience and perception of where priorities should lie. Several other factors interact to determine the type of repair, such as meatal site, presence of chordee, availability of the prepuce, and quality of the urethral plate and in addition surgeon’ s experience affects the type of repair. Materials and Methods: The treatment records of 42 penoscrotal and perineal hypospadias cases that were treated in our clinic from 1998 to 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Cases with penoscrotal and perineal meatus were included in the study at the beginning of the urethroplasty. All cases had surgical intervention via Hinderer’ s TECHNIQUE. Results: Acceptable cosmetic results were obtained in 37 (85%) patients with an objective scoring system (HOSE) for evaluating the results of hypospadias surgery score. The mean score after surgery was 14. 8. Fistula and wound breakdown occurred in 7 out of the 42 cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, the modified Hinderer's TECHNIQUE is a safe and reliable TECHNIQUE for both proximal and perineal hypospadias. Low complication rates and application in a single surgical session increase the comfort of both the patient and the surgeon.

Background and Objectives: Hyperpyrexia (temperature greater than or equal to 41.10ºC) is associated with increased rate of bacteremia and SERIOUS bacterial infection. To study this association, we performed a prospective study in Children Medical Center. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study conducted over a period of 7 years, 52 consecutive pediatric patients with hyperpyrexia (rectal temperature ≥41.1 ºC) were evaluated to determine the incidence, sensitive indicators and types of illnesses encountered. Results: out of the total patients enrolled in the study, in patients with temperature ≥ 41.1ºC, 32 (67.5%) had SERIOUS illnesses. Pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (36%), followed by probable viral illness in 10 (20%). Bacteremia (6.7%) and bacterial meningitis (5.7%) were less commonly found. Three of the patients died. Conclusion: Sensitive indicators which may help in distinguishing patients with SERIOUS illnesses were not found with the exception of 0clinical appearance. Pneumonia was commonly found in children with hyperpyrexia. Temperature ≥41º C was associated with a high rate of SERIOUS disease.