With the changes in the workplace and the added element of competition, it is apparent that the efficient scheduling of resources such as machines, labor and material is extremely important. Scheduling covers a broad array of topics, such as machine scheduling and sequencing, vehicle and fleet scheduling, crew scheduling, employee scheduling, project scheduling, lot-size scheduling, interval (or reservation) scheduling and timetabling. This article reviews the literature to identify the state-of-the-art research on scheduling and ROUTING problems.

In this paper, the ROUTING architecture for an FPGA with hybrid clusters built from a mixture of LUT-based and PLA-like blocks is investigated. The implemented CAD flow that is used to place and route a number of MCNC benchmark circuits in a comparative fashion is discussed. The experimental results demonstrate that cluster sizes of two (2 LUT blocks and 2 PAL blocks) to four (4 LUT blocks and 4 PAL blocks) are appropriate in terms of area and speed. A comparison between hybrid and LUT-based FPGA architectures is also presented, showing that hybrid FPGA has some considerable advantages over a uniform LUT-based architecture.