Background: One of the most important RISKs in hazardous material hANDling is transportation accidents that have destroyed EFFECTs on environment AND safety of the road. Using RISK management method could control accident causing factor.Methods: All factors that affect the environmental RISKs of oil products transportation was specified from storage to end of the path AND weighted by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) MODEl. The final MODEl was then attained using the acquired MODEl on the basis of FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS (FEMA) AND the hANDling path was evaluated.Findings: The RISK value for oil hANDling tankers at various areas except of two areas that located outside or within the town or with lower control of police is accessible. The reason for RISK incensement in these two areas is due to existence of agriculture, residential hoses AND high slope path.Conclusion: Transmission of oil storages inside AND outside town AND precise control of the driver ability by police is essential in reduction of environmental pollution RISK of hANDling the oil products.

Background: Patient safety is the first step to improve the quality of care. Objectives: Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the RISK assessment of processes in a pediatric surgery department using the Health FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS (HFMEA) in 2017-2018. Methods: In this research, a mixed-method design (qualitative action AND quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study) was used to analyze FAILURE MODE AND their EFFECTs. The nursing errors in the clinical management MODEl were used to classify FAILURE MODEs, AND the theory of inventive problem solving was used to determine a solution for improvement. Results: According to the five procedures selected by the voting method AND their rating, 25 processes, 48 sub-processes, AND 218 FAILURE MODEs were identified with HEMEA. Eight RISK MODEs (3. 6%) were found as non-acceptable RISKs AND were transferred to the decision tree. The main root causes (hazard score  4) were as follows: Technical-related factors (14. 34%), organizational-related factors (31. 9%), human-related factors (45. 3%), AND other factors (7. 6%). Conclusions: TheHFMEAmethodis very EFFECTive in identifying the possible FAILURE of treatment procedures, determining the cause of each FAILURE MODE, AND proposing improvement strategies.

Background: The reliability AND safety of gas refineries are strongly associated with the reliability of other parts of the system. Defect AND FAILURE in one part of a system can cause total system breakdown or accident. The FAILURE AND damage in these equipment such as transformers AND boilers results in not only the equipment damage AND human injuries but also productivity reduction. The purpose of this study was safety assessment of glycol recovery unit in gas refinery by FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTs ANALYSIS (FMEA) technique.Materials AND Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study done for RISK assessment of glycol recovery unit of a gas refinery in one of the southern areas of Iran. FMEA method was used to identify AND detect possible FAILUREs in the system. FAILURE MODEs of a component AND their causes were identified AND EFFECTs of identified FAILUREs were examined, then the necessary corrective measures were recommended.Results: In this research, 105 FAILURE MODEs were studied. The highest RISK priority number (RPN) values obtained were 150 (while removing corrosion AND welding inside TK601A/B vessel which was due lack of air ventilation) AND 120 (while installing the gasket).Conclusions: FMEA technique is a useful method to prevent accidents AND increase safety AND productivity. FMEA can identify AND assess potential RISKs AND propose corrective action required to control the RISKs.

Objective(s): In this paper, an integrated approach including QFD AND FMEA is proposed in healthcare systems. The main objective is to improve the quality of healthcare services AND activities in order to maximum customers’ satisfaction AND minimize costs.Methods: To develop the mentioned approach following stages have been done: 1- Identifying the most importance service characteristics with regard to customer expectations. 2- Identifying the most importance measurable functions AND activities AND their target values with regard to the service characteristics determined from pervious stage. 3- Identifying the relative potential FAILUREs AND their importance rate with regard to the output of previous stage. After determining the most important functions to carry out into the system, some potential FAILUREs will be happen into the system. The occurrences of these FAILUREs decrease the quality of healthcare services AND finally the customer satisfactions. Then, to prevent the occurrence of them, the relative FAILUREs AND their weights are identified in this stage. 4- To complete the proposed approach AND also increase the customer satisfactions more, the corrective AND preventive actions to prevent the FAILUREs from happening are suggested by the FMEA team. Results: To understAND the proposed structure, an illustrative example has been surveyed in this paper. Due to the space limitation, a small part of information is given. In this example, customers consist of patients AND their families, doctors, hospital manager, employers, assurance concerns AND government. The main results of the paper are the following: Identifying the different group of customers by the excellent approach, determining the importance rate of customers' requirements by means of the correlation rates between customers' requirements, identifying the qualitative functions AND activities AND also calculating the target value for healthcare, determining the potential FAILUREs AND their weights with regard to the importance rate of healthcare functions AND using the FMEA tool in healthcare systems to increase the customer satisfaction. Conclusion: Hospitals AND other healthcare systems have problem creating AND improving the quality in their systems. As the service systems have special characteristics, considering the QFD AND FMEA MODEls like what is done in industrial systems is impossible to create AND improve the quality in such systems. Also, due to high healthcare services costs, there is a high competitive between healthcare system to provide services to meet the customers' requirements. Therefore, in this paper, an integrated approach in the healthcare system in accordance with QFD/ FMEA is suggested.

Introduction: Health information is one of the key pillars of EFFECTive management of health care services, AND has been recognized as the main factor in the operation AND integrity of health systems. As most health information is provided by the medical records department, the use of RISK management is necessary to protect information assets. The aim of the present study was to investigate RISK management in the medical records department of Alavi Hospital of Tabriz, Iran, using FAILURE MODE AND EFFECTs ANALYSIS (FMEA) technique. Methods: This study was an action research. The study population consisted of the medical records department staff of Alavi Hospital. Data gathering tools was a FMEA checklist. The validity AND reliability of the checklist were approved. Data were gathered through the observation of the medical records process AND focus group discussion with medical records department staff. Results: There were 31 possible FAILURE MODEs; 10 FAILUREs were related to inpatient admission process, 8 FAILUREs to medical filing, 8 FAILUREs to releasing medical record information, AND 8 FAILUREs to quantitative AND qualitative ANALYSIS of records. Conclusion: FMEA technique is an EFFECTive method for RISK management in the medical records department. In this approach, RISKs are identified AND assessed. Then, a series of intervention measures are planned to control RISK levels. These procedures lead to reduced RISK level.