Introduction: The World Health Organization estimates that the number of diabetics will increase from 130 million to more than 350 million by the next 25 years. Diabetes can rapidly lead to cardiovascular disorders and a variety of problems in the retina. The adverse effects of diabetes on retina are known as diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this connection, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the diagnosis of spot-shaped red color RETINAL pathologies, or HEMORRHAGES from RETINAL colored radiographs through electronic learning and computer, that is automatically, as early as possible.Materials and Methods: A set of 68000 pixels including 35000 hemorrhage and 33000 non-hemorrhage pixels were extracted from 85 colored RETINAL images. The morphological and Pixel level HEMORRHAGES recognition techniques were used to differentiate these images from other image structures. The RETINAL lesions were classified into hemorrhage and non-hemorrhage, using a classifier known as decision trees. Finally, the results obtained from this system were compared with those diagnosed by ophthalmologists.Results: In the testing stage, after extracting and classifying the 68000 pixels from RETINAL images using classifier decision trees formula, this method achieved 98% sensitivity, 97.14% specificity and 97.57% accuracy.Conclusion: The computer-aided diagnosis techniques, the morphological techniques, have a high efficiency and are more precise than the clinical techniques.

Purpose: To present a case of gigantic idiopathic angioid streaks. Case Report: A young male presented with macular choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) and peripheral RETINAL HEMORRHAGES secondary to angioid streaks. Swept source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT) and ultrawide field imaging were performed. The latter revealed extension of the angioid streaks up to the equator in both eyes. SSOCT showed breaks in the RETINAL pigment epithelium-Bruch’ s membrane complex in the area of peripheral RETINAL HEMORRHAGES. The patient was extensively worked up for systemic associations, and the only significant finding was a long history of steroid abuse in the past. Conclusion: Advanced imaging techniques helped to diagnose angioid streaks in this patient. The possible role of steroid abuse in accentuating the presentation of angioid streaks may be explored further.

Purpose: To report an Iranian patient with diagnosis of Oguchi disease associated with diabetic retinopathy.Methods: A 50-year-old diabetic woman with night blindness was referred to our clinic. Complete ophthalmic examination including ophthalmoscopy after dark adaptation and paraclinic evaluations such as fluorescein angiography and electroretinography were performed.Results: In the both eyes, RETINAL neovascuarizaion and preRETINAL HEMORRHAGES compatible with high-risk characteristic proliferative diabetic retinopathy were observed. In addition, a golden yellowish discoloration of posterior pole was noted in her both eyes. The diagnosis of Oguchi disease was made when this discoloration disappeared after dark adaptation for 3 hours.Electroretinograms also confirmed the diagnosis by showing a slow negative wave followed by a slow positive wave in the photopic condition and absent a- and b-waves in the scotopic state.Conclusion: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy may occur in a patient with Oguchi disease. This report represents this association in an Iranian patient for the first time.

Introduction: Thromboischemic events contribute subs tantially to morbidity and mortality of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the incidence of neurologic and sys temic thromboischemic events in patients with acute nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage during the firs t 6 months after hemorrhage. Materials and Methods: In this randomized-cohort s tudy, we enrolled 203 patients with acute non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted in the neurology ward of Zanjan Vali-e-Asr Hospital between January 2016 and September 2016. We recorded the risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, Smoking), initial neurological indices (Glasgow coma scale, ICH score, Hunt and Hess grading), and bleeding size in these patients. Patients were then evaluated 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage for the incidence of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic s troke. Results: 165 patients had intracerebral hemorrhage and 38 patients had subarachnoid hemorrhage. The cumulative incidence of thromboischemic events in an unselected intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage population was 31%. The overall incidence rates of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic s troke after 6 months of intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage onset were 10. 9%, 5%, 10%, and 7. 4%, respectively. The mean time to the events was 145. 5 ± 5. 5 days. Conclusion: Age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atrial fibrillation were the significant independent risk factors for thromboischemic events. Age, higher ICH score, Hunt & Hess grade, and hemorrhage size >30cc have shown significant correlations with the development of deep vein thrombosis.