Background and Aims: Disc displacement is the most common temporomandibular joint disorder and magnetic RESONANCE imaging (MRI) is the gold standard in its diagnosis. This disorder can lead to changes in signal intensity of magnetic RESONANCE (MR). The purpose of this study was evaluation of correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images of retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle with type of anterior disk displacement and condylar head flattening in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD).Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 31 MR images of patients who had anterior disc displacement were evaluated. After relative signal intensity measurement for retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle, the correlation between relative signal intensity and type of anterior disc displacement was evaluated with repeated measure ANOVA test. In each of these 3 areas, t-test was used to compare the groups with and without condylar head flattening.Results: The correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and type of anterior disc displacement in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle was not significant. There was also no statistically significant correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and flattening of condylar head in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to findings of this study, relative signal intensity of MR images in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of ptrygoid muscle is not a good predictor for type of anterior disc displacement and flattening of condylar head. It seems that this cannot be used as a diagnostic marker for TMD progression.

Introduction: Usually osseointegration takes between three to six months after implant placement but patients are interested to have early loading. There are no definitive criteria for measuring bone mineral density (BMD), insertion torque (IT) (final torque force) and RESONANCE frequency analysis (RFA) (primary implant stability) to determine exact loading time based on the relationship between the above-mentioned parameters. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between IT, RFA and BMD in screw-type implants.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 18 patients who were candidates for ITI implant placement. Written consent was taken and jaw bone density was determined via a digital radiography technique before surgery. After implant placement, RFA and IT were measured. Fifty-five ITI implants of the total 62 implants placed were evaluated; the implants were 12 mm long with a diameter of 4.1 mm. Data was analyzed with Pearson’s test using SPSS.15 software (a=0.05).Results: There was a significant relationship between IT, RFA and BMD. Pearson’s test showed a correlation coefficient of 0.872 to 0.789 between the three parameters, indicating a strong relationship between them. The mean bone density was 1.468±0.042 g/cm2; the mean RFA was 66.01±2.2 ISQ and the mean IT was 34.62±3.33 N/cm2.Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study there is a significant relationship between, IT, RFA and BMD (p value=0.001).

The electrical connection between the load and source can be eliminated using inductive power transfer. Supplying AC Loads, such as V2G and single phase motors, is one of the many applications of IPT. To supply an AC load, the rectified output power of IPT should be delivered to an inverter. The sequential dc/ac/dc/ac conversions cause IPT efficiency decreases. To make an output AC voltage with acceptable THD, the carrier frequency of the PWM method should be several times the reference frequency which increases the switching loss. In this paper based on IPT gain-frequency characteristics, a new pulse frequency waveform synthesizing method (PFWS) has been presented. This method eliminates secondary inverter switching losses. It is shown that besides loss reduction, synthesized sinusoidal waveform at secondary of IPT, causes the Total Switching Device Power (TSDP) of secondary CONVERTERs decrease, therefore their lifetime increase. Simulated and experimental results of the developed laboratory model which verify and illustrate the operation of the proposed method are presented.

Estimation of site response from an earthquake is fundamental step to anticipate the possible damages and so the objective of a site response analysis is to estimate the ground shaking during an earthquake. In this paper the effect of nonlinearity on site response analyses summarized and evaluating ground surface response taking into account the local soil and subsurface soils properties for the proposed bridge at Sirdjan Balvavard road subjected to earthquake provokes with Standard Hyperbolic Model for nonlinear condition was executed. This area is prone to high seismic risk due to the presence of several active faults and therefore quantifying the site effect on the surface over a number of geotechnical areas has been notified. For site characterization, deep site investigations have been undertaken, and a seismic geotechnical procedure has proposed. The effect of nonlinearity on site response analysis for the selected site with assumption of elastic and rigid half space bedrock by use of Standard Hyperbolic Model was evaluated and the results of them over a number of geotechnical areas were compared to each other. Critical point of this work was to design, develop and use a seismic geotechnical based computer code by authors which named as "Abbas CONVERTER". It has several advantages, which can make facilitate this study more than previous have done and take over the encountered problem. This study clearly showed the applicability of "Abbas CONVERTER" on evaluation of site response with bedrock type assumption on soil behavior under the earthquake excitations.

Nowadays the use of switching CONVERTER systems are increasing. One of these CONVERTERs is resonant CONVERTER which is more efficient than other CONVERTERs. In this paper, the parallel resonant CONVERTER (PRC) is used. Because of environmental conditions, there is probably a variation in the RESONANCE tank parameters values in resonant circuits. These variations occur due to variation in the RESONANCE circuit impedance. The output voltage is strongly dependent on variation of the output load and the RESONANCE tank parameters. Changing the RESONANCE parameters will directly affect the output voltage. By using the mathematical relations, values of the RESONANCE tank frequency and proper switching frequency are obtained. With partial changes in obtained frequency, output voltage is fixed. The main advantages of this design are recognizing proper RESONANCE tank parameters, RESONANCE frequency and switching frequency which depends on each circuit with unknown values. In proper searching method, there is more accurate regulation of obtained switching frequency. Other advantages include simple control algorithm which can be assembled with simple processor system. Experimental and simulation results presented in this paper show the benefits of proposed method.

This paper proposes a multi-stage power generation system suitable for renewable energy sources, which is composed of a DC-DC power CONVERTER and a three-phase inverter. The DC-DC power CONVERTER is a boost CONVERTER to convert the output voltage of the DC source into two voltage sources. The DC-DC CONVERTER has two switches operates like a continuous conduction mode. The input current of DC-DC CONVERTER has low ripple and voltage of semiconductors is lower than the output voltage. The three-phase inverter is a T-type inverter. This inverter requires two balance DC sources. The inverter part converts the two output voltage sources of DC-DC power CONVERTER into a five-level line to line AC voltage. Simulation results are given to show the overall system performance, including AC voltagegeneration. A prototype is developed and tested to verify the performance of the CONVERTER.

This paper presents a 4th order CLCL resonant CONVERTER which can be used as a constant current power supply (CCPS) with immittance property. This structure is one of the RESONANCE CONVERTER topologies that has not been studied. This CONVERTER is designed with immittance characteristic with two inductors and two capacitors in the resonant network. A detailed analysis and design process of a 200w CONVERTER as a constant current supply have been provided and simulation results are verified with results of a constructed CONVERTER. In analyzing this CONVERTER, the AC analysis method is used. This CONVERTER with its unique structure, a combination of series and parallel resonant CONVERTER has the advantages of both. As a constant current supply, CLCL resonant CONVERTER has the advantages of rigidity against short circuit, no need to control against load changes, easy operation in parallel mode, low circulating currents and high efficiency about 93%, due to its soft-switching operation. For this CONVERTER, leakage and magnetizing inductance of a transformer can be used as a part of the RESONANCE network and it decreases the CONVERTER size. As a result, the cost of constructing the CONVERTER is reduced. Also, series capacitor eliminates the DC component and prevents the transformer saturation in unbalanced conditions. With fixed-frequency performance, filter design will also be easier. Other structures have only some of these benefits, but this structure has all these. Considering these advantages, the proposed topology can be used in a variety of applications such as magnetic power supplies, capacitor charging power supplies and driver for laser diodes.

In present research in order to reduce emitted pollutant gases from vehicles, design and production of metallic catalyst CONVERTER have been studied. The specimens are adjustable on different engines with different capacity. For this purpose the following steps were carried out:The first step is preparation of a-4 sheet consists of annealing, forming and making monolith. The second step contains providing wash coat and catalyst metals and coating them on washed coated monolith. The last step is canning of catalyst CONVERTER. After accomplishing above steps, required tests have been done as below:Measurement of emitted pollutants from vehicles, stability of catalyst CONVERTER in vehicle (road test) and finally measurement of amount of fuel consumption of vehicles with different used catalyst CONVERTERs in them.Results of these tests showed that emission of CO was equivalent with Euro3 standard and NOX emission was equivalent to Euro4 standard and NOX+HC emission was equivalent with Euro3 standard.